Paradigm
A Paradigm is a distinct set of concepts, beliefs, thought patterns, and practices that shape the way individuals and communities perceive and understand reality. Paradigms may be scientific, philosophical, psychological, or existential.
Related LP Terms
Paradigm > Existential Paradigm, Paradigm
Non-LP Related Terms
Paradigm >
Notes
The concept of a paradigm was popularized by philosopher and historian of science Thomas Kuhn in his influential book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," published in 1962. In the context of scientific revolutions, Kuhn argued that scientific progress occurs through shifts from one dominant paradigm to another, rather than through gradual and continuous accumulation of knowledge.
Characteristics of a paradigm include:
Shared beliefs: A paradigm is characterized by a shared set of fundamental beliefs, assumptions, and values that are accepted by a community of researchers or individuals within a specific field of study.
Common methodology: Within a paradigm, there is often a consensus on the appropriate methods and approaches for conducting research and generating knowledge.
Standard problems and solutions: Paradigms often define standard problems that researchers seek to solve and provide established solutions to these problems based on the accepted beliefs and methodology.
Key exemplars: Paradigms have exemplary studies or experiments that are seen as model examples of successful research within that particular framework.
Incommensurability: When two paradigms coexist, they may be so fundamentally different that researchers working within each paradigm may have difficulty communicating and understanding each other fully.
Paradigm shifts: Scientific revolutions, existential revolutions, etc., occur when a dominant paradigm is challenged by anomalies or new evidence that cannot be adequately explained within the existing framework, leading to a shift in the prevailing view and the adoption of a new paradigm.
Paradigms exist not only in scientific disciplines but also in other fields, such as philosophy, social sciences, and even in everyday life. They provide a structured and shared understanding of the world, but they can also limit inquiry and lead to resistance in accepting new ideas. Paradigm shifts are essential for scientific progress as they open up new perspectives, approaches, and possibilities for understanding the natural world.
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