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The '''Seven Essential Needs''' are the seven needs the physical body and mind (i.e. [[Physical Unit]]) is required to meet in order to grow, develop, and finally achieve and maintain strong [[Connection]].<Ref>Sosteric and Ratkovic. “Seven Essential Needs,” 2018. https://www.academia.edu/38114100/The_Seven_Essential_Needs.</ref> <ref>Also see Ratkovic, Gina and Sosteric, MIke. “It Takes a Village: Advancing Attachment Theory and Recovering the Roots of Human Health with the Seven Essential Needs.” ''Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work'', 2022. https://www.academia.edu/61410417</ref>
The '''Seven Essential Needs''' are the seven needs the physical body and mind (i.e. [[Physical Unit]]) is required to meet in order to grow up healthy and finally achieve and maintain strong [[Connection]].<Ref>Sosteric and Ratkovic. “Seven Essential Needs,” 2018. https://www.academia.edu/38114100/The_Seven_Essential_Needs.</ref> <ref>Also see Ratkovic, Gina and Sosteric, MIke. “It Takes a Village: Advancing Attachment Theory and Recovering the Roots of Human Health with the Seven Essential Needs.” ''Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work'', 2022. https://www.academia.edu/61410417</ref><ref>Sosteric, Mike & Ratkovic, Gina. Eupsychian Theory: Reclaiming Maslow and Rejecting The Pyramid The Seven Essential Needs.” ''PsyArXiv Preprints'', 2020. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fswk9</nowiki></ref>  The Seven Essential Needs are broken down into '''two''' general categories, '''basic needs''' and '''inner needs'''.The basic needs include the physiological, cognitive, environmental, emotional, and psychological needs of the body. The inner needs include the need for [[Alignment]] and the need for [[Connection]]. Failure to meet the seven essential needs leads to the [[3Ds of Toxic Existence]].
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[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}
[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}
==List of Essential Needs Categories==
[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is an::Essential Need]]}}


==Related LP Terms==
==Related LP Terms==


[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}
[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}


==Non-LP Related Terms==
==Non-LP Related Terms==


[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}
[[Seven Essential Needs]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Seven Essential Needs]]}}
 
==Notes==


The Seven Essential Needs are the foundations of human health and full [[Human Development]]. Failure to sufficiently meet essential needs leads to atrophy and eventual degradation of bodily systems. 


==Video Discussion==
Maslow "warned that the systematic frustration of basic needs for survival and higher needs for meaning and purpose would result in personal and collective neurosis" <ref>Briskin, Alan. “Eupsychian Management: Spirit of the Good in Humanity and Society.” ''Journal of Humanistic Psychology'' 63, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 495–501. p. 448. doi:10.1177/00221678211002757.</ref>


<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_Pu2oe7B0c</youtube>
Meeting essential needs puts an individual body into [[Growth Mode]]. Failure to sufficiently satisfy essential needs leads the [[Physical Unit]] (the body and mind) to redirect bodily energy towards the satisfaction of unmet needs. A body whose energy is being redirected towards the satisfaction of unmet needs is a body operating in [[Deficit Mode]] (see also [[Growth Mode]]). Chronic neglect of essential needs leads to dysfunction, disease, and disconnection (the [[3Ds of Toxic Existence]]). 


==Notes==
The Seven Essential Needs are broken down into '''two''' general categories, '''basic needs''' and '''inner needs'''. Each of these categories includes several related needs.


Swami Vivekananda speaks of the critical importance of meeting people's needs. Though he did not use that name, intimations of a hierarchy of needs was first proposed by Swami Vivekananda in "The Secret Work" in his book Karma Yoga. <ref>Vivekananda, Swami. "The Secret of Work." Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda. Vol. 5. 9 vols. Advaita Ashrama, 2016. https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/SWAMI-VIVEKANANDA-COMPLETE-WORKS-Vol-1.pdf</ref>
'''Basic needs''' are foundational needs. In order for an individual to grow healthy and connected, these needs must be sufficiently met else the body and mind atrophy. Basic needs include physiological needs (food, water), emotional needs (love and belonging, attachment, inclusion), cognitive needs (truth and understanding), psychological needs (positive self-regard, positive-esteem), and environmental (safe, aesthetically pleasing home environments. stable finances, etc.).


Essential needs are equivalent to "basic needs" in that they represent "an energizing state that, if satisfied, conduces toward health and well-being but, if not satisfied, contributes to pathology and ill-being." <ref>Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000. p. 74.</ref>
'''Inner needs''' are "spiritual" needs for [[Alignment]] and [[Connection]].


The Seven Essential Needs are broken down into to general categories, basic needs and spiritual/higher/advanced needs.  
==='''The Basic Needs'''===
====Physiological Needs====
'''Physiological needs include the need for healthy food, water, vitamins, and air, the need for physical exercise, the need for clothing, the need for sleep, and so on. Physiological needs also include the absence of physical pain.'''


The '''Seven Essential Needs''' are:
Satisfaction of physiological needs has profound benefits for our physiological, emotional, cognitive, egoic, and spiritual well-being.


===The Basic Needs===
# '''Physiological Outcomes''': Fulfilling physiological needs leads to overall improved health and vitality. Good nutrition promotes immune system function,<ref>Field, Catherine, Glen P. Johnson, and Patricia D. Schley. “Nutrients and Their Role in Host Resistance to Infection.” ''Journal of Leukocyte Biology'', 2002. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.71.1.16</nowiki>.</ref> while regular physical activity can reduce the risk of various diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.<ref>Steven N. Blair, "Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century," ''British Journal of Sports Medicine'' 43, no. 1 (2009): 1-2. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.030486</nowiki></ref> Adequate sleep is associated with enhanced immune function, improved metabolic health, and lower risk of chronic diseases.<ref>Kristen L. Knutson, "Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence," ''Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism'' 24, no. 5 (2010): 731-743. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2010.07.001</nowiki></ref> Proper clothing protects the body from environmental hazards, while the absence of physical pain improves quality of life.<ref>Paul J. Goadsby, "Recent advances in understanding migraine mechanisms, molecules and therapeutics," ''Trends in Molecular Medicine'' 13, no. 1 (2007): 39-44. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2006.11.005</nowiki></ref>
Basic needs are met, obviously, by providing the necessary environmental conditions, nutrients, and "nutriments," <ref>Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept.” ''Psychological Inquiry'' 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 319–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03&#x3C;/ref></ref> like autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Environments which provide for these create conditions conducive to the satisfaction of basic needs while environments that lack these, or that undermine there provision, create environments hostile to basic needs satisfaction. Environments here include those at the familial, social, community, national, and international level. Factors in the environment that impact would include quality of relationships, social organization (whether it is hierarchical or egalitarian, supportive or coercive), norms and values, economic practices, and so on.
#'''Egoic Outcomes''':
# '''Emotional Outcomes''': With physiological needs met, individuals are less likely to experience stress, anxiety, and depression related to survival worries. Moreover, regular physical exercise can lead to improved mood and reduced anxiety.<ref>Michael W. Otto, Jasper A. J. Smits, "Exercise for mood and anxiety: Proven strategies for overcoming depression and enhancing well-being," (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011). </ref>
# '''Cognitive Outcomes''': Adequate nutrition, particularly intake of essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and B vitamins, supports brain development and can enhance cognitive function and slow cognitive decline.<ref>Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Marshall G. Miller, Nopporn Thangthaeng, Amanda N. Poulose, "Berry Fruit Enhances Beneficial Signaling in the Brain," ''Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry'' 65, no. 5 (2017): 820-827. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2036033</nowiki></ref> Regular physical exercise and good sleep quality are also associated with better cognitive performance and reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.<ref>Laura D. Baker, Laura L. Frank, Karen Foster-Schubert, Pattie S. Green, Charles W. Wilkinson, Anne McTiernan, "Aerobic Exercise Improves Cognition for Older Adults with Glucose Intolerance, A Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease," ''Journal of Alzheimer's Disease'' 22, no. 2 (2010): 569-579. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100768</nowiki></ref>
#'''Spiritual Outcomes''': Meeting physiological needs can free up mental and emotional resources and put the [[Bodily Ego]] into [[Growth Mode]], allowing individuals to pursue [[Alignment]] and engage in [[Connection Practice]].  
A failure to meet physiological needs leads to a host of sequelae, including


====Physiological Needs====
# '''Physiological Impairments''': Long-term deprivation of physiological needs can lead to various health issues. Lack of proper nutrition can cause malnutrition which in turn leads to structural changes and reduced brain volume,<ref>Isaacson, R. L. (1974). The effect of malnutrition on the developing brain. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27(6), 667–676</ref> a weakened immune system, and increased susceptibility to diseases.<ref>Ann M. Prendergast, and Eleanor M. Riley, "Immune Mechanisms in Malaria: New Insights in Vaccine Development," ''Nature Medicine'' 19, no. 2 (2013): 168.10.1038/nm.3083</ref> Sleep deprivation can increase the risk of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and other chronic health problems.<ref>Kristen L. Knutson, and Eve Van Cauter, "Associations Between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes," ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'' 1129, no. 1 (2008): 287-304. 10.1196/annals.1417.033</ref> The absence of physical exercise can lead to obesity, heart diseases, and a decreased life expectancy.<ref>Steven N. Blair, and William L. Haskell, "Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Adults," ''JAMA'' 296, no. 2 (2006): 216-218. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828b076a</ref> Constant physical pain can deteriorate overall health and quality of life.<ref>Abraham H. Maslow, "A Theory of Human Motivation," ''Psychological Review'' 50, no. 4 (1943): 370.</ref> Note that physiological deprivations experienced by the mother have negative consequences for the fetus.
#'''Egoic Impairments:'''
#'''Emotional Impairments''': Long-term deprivation of physiological needs can lead to emotional stress, anxiety, and depression, primarily due to feelings of vulnerability and an incessant state of fear and anxiety over meeting basic needs.<ref>Mary C. Sutter, "Fear, Anxiety and Worry," ''Psychiatry'' 3, no. 2 (2004): 45-48.</ref> Chronic stress and anxiety can in turn lead to additional mental health impairments.<ref>Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, "How Does Sexual Minority Stigma "Get Under the Skin"? A Psychological Mediation Framework," ''Psychological Bulletin'' 135, no. 5 (2009): 707. 10.1037/a0016441</ref>
# '''Cognitive Impairments''': Chronic malnutrition, particularly during the "brain growth spurt,"  can impact cognitive development and function, causing deficits in memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility.<ref>Lynne Georgiadis, Alan Jackson, and Lucy Eaton, "Undernutrition and Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review," ''BMJ Open'' 10, no. 5 (2020): e035378. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035378</ref> Lack of sleep can significantly affect cognitive functions such as attention, memory, decision-making and problem-solving abilities.<ref>Hans P.A. Van Dongen, Greg Maislin, Janet M. Mullington, and David F. Dinges, "The Cumulative Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation," ''Sleep'' 26, no. 2 (2003): 117-26. </ref> Finally, the constant worry about meeting basic needs can put an individual into [[Deficit Mode]]. In this mode, the individual's cognitive development, processing, and learning capacity are undermined<ref>Rachel T. Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Sara McLanahan, "Young Children in Urban Areas: Links Among Neighborhood Characteristics, Weight Status, Outdoor Play, and Television-Watching," ''Social Science & Medicine'' 72, no. 5 (2011): 668-76.</ref> as cognitive energies are diverted away from growth tasks ([[Growth Mode]]) and towards meeting unmet basic needs ([[Deficit Mode]]).
#'''Spiritual Impairments''':


We all have needs for food, water, air, clothing, exercise, sleep, freedom from pain. <ref>"But poverty, though it does not prevent the generation, is extremely unfavourable to the rearing of children. The tender plant is produced, but in so cold a soil and so severe a climate, soon withers and dies. "   
Adam Smith said an interesting thing about the deprivation of physiological needs, particularly in relation to poverty.<ref>"But poverty, though it does not prevent the generation, is extremely unfavourable to the rearing of children. The tender plant is produced, but in so cold a soil and so severe a climate, soon withers and dies. "   
Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations - An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classics, 2003.</ref>
Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations - An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classics, 2003.</ref>


====Emotional Needs====
====Emotional Needs====


We all have needs for unconditional support, acceptance, and inclusion. We all need to feel we are wanted and connected to something. We all need to feel that we belong.
See [[Emotional Needs]]


These needs are met by parents, number one, by teachers and peer groups, number two.


When unmet, the need for love, positive regard, and attention can become desperation. Individuals with unmet emotional needs can "go through life craving and seeking satisfaction" of these needs."<ref>Grof, Stanislav. ''When the Impossible Happens.'' Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 2006.</ref> This craving, which is often completely unconscious, can be exploited by disreputable or mentally ill actors. See for example Layton who cites Jim Jones attention and manipulative praise as psychological reasons for her toxic attachment to the Jonestown cult. <ref>Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. https://amzn.to/2wxOse4.</ref>


====Cognitive Needs====  
====Cognitive Needs====  


We all have a biological drive to know and understand the world.<ref> "the most important characteristics of psychological health was simply the ability to perceive clearly-that is, to see the truth, to penetrate falsehood, phoniness, hypocrisy, and so on." Maslow, Abraham. “Eupsychia—The Good Society.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 1, no. 2 (1961): p. 3.</ref> <ref>Habermas's provides a similar conception for cognitive needs in [[Cognitive Interests]] Scott, John P. “Critical Social Theory: An Introduction and Critique.” The British Journal of Sociology 29, no. 1 (1978): 1. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.2307/589216</nowiki>. p. 2</ref>The need to be in touch with reality. This truth is self-evident and expressed at a very early age. “Mommy, why is the sky blue?” “Daddy, why are you angry all the time?”
See [[Cognitive Needs]]


====Psychological Needs====
====Psychological Needs====


Esteem power needs would be related to Habermas's "emancipatory interests." "At a more abstract level, the emancipatory interest involves liberating men from historically contingent constraints through a process of 'self reflection'." <ref>Scott, John P. “Critical Social Theory: An Introduction and Critique.” The British Journal of Sociology 29, no. 1 (1978): 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/589216. p. 2</ref>
'''In addition to physiological, environmental, and emotional needs, we also have basic psychological needs. Our psychological needs include our need for positive self-esteem and sense of self, our need to feel powerful and competent,<ref name=":0">Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000.</ref> our need to feel good about and to have faith in ourselves,<ref>Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948. p. 80</ref>  and our need for autonomy and freedom,<ref>Edward L Deci and Richard M Ryan, ''Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour'' (New York: Springer Science, 1985).</ref>  We need to feel we are a good person that is worthy of love and acceptance. We also need to feel competent and powerful, like we can accomplish the things we want to accomplish in life.<ref>A Bandura, “Human Agency in Social-Cognition Theory,” ''American Psychologist'' 44 (1989): 1175–84</ref><ref>A. H. Maslow, ''Towards a Psychology of Being (2nd Edition)'' (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1968)</ref><ref>Carl Rogers, ''Freedom to Learn'' (Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1969)</ref><ref>C. Rogers, ''A Way of Being.'' (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1980); R White, ''Ego and Reality in Psychoanalytic Theory'', vol. Psychological Issues Series, Monograph No. 11. (New York: International Universities Press, 1963).</ref>'''


<ref>Thanks to Egle for pointing out the centrality of freedom and its relevance as an essential need. Note also that Abraham Maslow related power to self-esteem and self-respect in Maslow, Abraham. “Eupsychia—The Good Society.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 1, no. 2 (1961): 1. p. 2.</ref> -- Psychological needs include the need for autonomy, the need to feel efficacious, competent, and powerful,<ref>Edward L Deci and Richard M Ryan, ''Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour'' (New York: Springer Science, 1985).</ref> to have high self-esteem, to successfully manifest and create the world we want.  Psychological research has long demonstrated the importance to psychological health of feelings of efficacy and competence.<ref>A Bandura, “Human Agency in Social-Cognition Theory,” ''American Psychologist'' 44 (1989): 1175–84</ref><ref>A. H. Maslow, ''Towards a Psychology of Being (2nd Edition)'' (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1968)</ref><ref>Carl Rogers, ''Freedom to Learn'' (Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1969)</ref><ref>C. Rogers, ''A Way of Being.'' (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1980); R White, ''Ego and Reality in Psychoanalytic Theory'', vol. Psychological Issues Series, Monograph No. 11. (New York: International Universities Press, 1963).</ref> More recently, these needs are discussed under the rubric of self-determination theory.<ref>R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being,” ''American Psychologist'', 2000</ref>  
Satisfaction of these needs has been linked to well-being,<ref>Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. ''PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN'', ''22''(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings</ref> competence, vitality,<ref>Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. ''PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN'', ''22''(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings</ref> and enhanced creativity. Satisfaction of these leads also support [[Alignment]] and [[Connection]], which together allow for the full expression of the [[Spiritual Ego]].


Ryan and Deci note that “The Fullest representations of humanity show people to be curious, vital, and self-motivated. At their best, they are agentic and inspired, striving to learn; extend themselves; master new skills; and apply their talents responsibly. That most people show considerable effort, agency, and commitment in their lives appears, in fact, to be more normative than exceptional, suggesting some very positive and persistent features of human nature.”<ref>R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being,” ''American Psychologist'', 2000. p. 68.</ref> In other words, left to their own devices, people are naturally motivated to develop skills and mastery, to strive for autonomy and competence. This drive is part of an individual’s “inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs.” “Satisfaction of these needs has been linked to well-being,<ref>Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. ''PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN'', ''22''(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings</ref> competence, vitality,<ref>Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. ''PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN'', ''22''(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings</ref> and enhanced creativity. We all need to '''feel good''' about ourselves, to '''feel powerful''' and efficacious, to have high self esteem, to "have faith in ourselves,"<ref>Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948. p. 80</ref> to successfully manifest or will/[[Intent]] in creation, to create the world we want. Or, as Ryan and Deci point out, we need to feel competent and autonomous,<ref>Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000.</ref> with autonomy being defined as "self-regulation and integration in acting"<ref>Ryan, Richard M, and Edward L Deci. ''Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness''. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017. p. 402.</ref>  We all have a need to express<ref>Expression is identified as an emotional need in Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948.</ref> and unfold. Aristotle, Carl Rogers, and others capture these needs with the concept [[Eudaimonia]] which is the expression of human excellence and virtue (read [[Alignment]]),the doing of what is worth doing.<ref>Ryan, Richard M, and Edward L Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017</ref> 
Sufficiently meeting psychological needs has been shown to promote well-being and overall life satisfaction across several dimensions:


====Environmental Needs====
# '''Physiological Outcomes''': When psychological needs are met, it can lead to improved physiological health. Studies have shown that positive self-esteem and autonomy are associated with better physical health, likely due to healthier lifestyle choices and improved stress management. Enhanced well-being can also lead to improved immune function and slower aging<ref>Ryff, Carol D., and Burton H. Singer. "Know Thyself and Become What You Are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-being." ''Journal of Happiness Studies'' 9, no. 1 (2008): 13–39.</ref>).
# '''Egoic Outcomes''':
# '''Emotional Outcomes''': Meeting psychological needs contributes significantly to emotional well-being. A positive self-concept, feelings of competence, and autonomy are all associated with lower levels of negative emotions and higher levels of positive emotions. People with high self-esteem and feelings of competence tend to be more resilient and better able to handle emotional setbacks.<ref>Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan, "The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-determination of Behavior," ''Psychological Inquiry'', 2000, Vol. 11, No. 4</ref>
# '''Cognitive Outcomes''': Satisfying psychological needs like autonomy and competence has been linked to enhanced cognitive performance, including improved problem-solving skills, creativity, and learning outcomes. It also encourages a growth mindset, promoting continuous learning and intellectual development<ref>Niemiec, Christopher P., and Richard M. Ryan. "Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in the Classroom: Applying Self-determination Theory to Educational Practice." Theory and Research in Education 7, no. 2 (2009): 133–144.</ref>.
# '''Spiritual Outcomes''': A positive sense of self and feelings of competence can contribute to spiritual growth by fostering a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Individuals who have their psychological needs met may be better able to engage in self-reflection and spiritual exploration<ref>Emmons, Robert A. "Is Spirituality an Intelligence? Motivation, Cognition, and the Psychology of Ultimate Concern." The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 10, no. 1 (2000): 3–26.</ref>


The need for safe, secure, nurturing, and aesthetically pleasing environments. Safe home, safe spaces, secure finances, consistency, and stability. Safety includes the absence of assault of any kind, including physical assault (e.g., spanking), emotional assault, and psychological assault. Stability includes the emotional consistency of stable parental relationships. Financial stability includes resources sufficient to remove the anxieties and uncertainties of survival. The negative consequence of a failure to provide safe environments is long-term disability.
Chronic failure to meet psychological needs such as a positive sense of self, autonomy, competence, and feeling good about oneself can have severe consequences:


The consequences of a failure to provide safe environments is cumulative psychological, emotional, physical, and spiritual damage. For example, [[Swami Vivekananda]] notes "The older we grow, the longer we are knocked about in the world, the more callous we become."<ref>Vivekananda, Swami. “Karma Yoga.” ''Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda''. Vol. 1. 9 vols. Advaita Ashrama, 2016. <nowiki>https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/SWAMI-VIVEKANANDA-COMPLETE-WORKS-Vol-1.pdf</nowiki></ref>  
# '''Physiological Impairments''': Chronic psychological distress can have significant impacts on physiological health. Prolonged experiences of low self-esteem, feelings of incompetence, and lack of autonomy can lead to stress, which in turn can affect the immune system, cardiovascular health, and sleep patterns.<ref>Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K., and Ronald Glaser, "Psychoneuroimmunology and Health Consequences: Data and Shared Mechanisms," ''Psychosomatic Medicine'', 1995, Vol. 57, No. 3</ref> Chronic stress has also been linked to accelerated cellular aging<ref>Epel, Elissa S., et al. "Cell Aging in Relation to Stress Arousal and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors." ''Psychoneuroendocrinology'' 31, no. 3 (2006): 277–287.</ref>
# '''Egoic/Personality Impairments'''.
## Personality Disorders: Particularly, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) may arise from an inflated sense of self-worth and a desperate need for validation, while borderline personality disorder (BPD) might occur when an individual feels chronically invalidated and struggles with self-image and fear of abandonment.<ref>Elsa Ronningstam, "Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Clinical Perspective," ''Journal of Psychiatric Practice'' 17, no. 2 (2011): 89-99. 10.1097/01.pra.0000396066.52803.aa</ref><ref>Marsha M. Linehan, ''Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder'' (New York: Guilford Press, 1993).</ref>
##Eating Disorders: Unmet needs for self-esteem and competence can contribute to the development of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. These disorders often stem from a distorted body image and an extreme desire for control.<ref>Christopher G. Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, and Roz Shafran, "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Eating Disorders: A 'Transdiagnostic' Theory and Treatment," ''Behaviour Research and Therapy'' 41, no. 5 (2003): 509-528. 10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00088</ref>
##Substance Use Disorders: These disorders may occur when individuals use substances as a coping mechanism to deal with feelings of low self-esteem, powerlessness, or lack of freedom. Substance use disorders are closely linked to poor mental health and unmet psychological needs.<ref>Edward J. Khantzian, "The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications," Harvard Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 5 (1997): 231-244. 10.3109/10673229709030550</ref>
# '''Emotional Impairments''': A lack of fulfillment in psychological needs can lead to various emotional disorders, including depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Poor self-esteem and feelings of incompetence can lead to heightened sensitivity to negative feedback and rejection, increasing vulnerability to depressive symptoms.<ref>Orth, Ulrich, et al., "Low Self-esteem Is a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms from Young Adulthood to Old Age," ''Journal of Abnormal Psychology'', 2008, Vol. 117, No. 3.</ref><ref>Baumeister, Roy F., "Self-Esteem, Self-Concept, and Self-Worth," ''In Handbook of Self and Identit''y, Second Edition, 2012</ref>
# '''Cognitive Impairments''': Unmet psychological needs can negatively impact cognitive functioning. A lack of autonomy and feelings of incompetence can impair problem-solving abilities and diminish creativity. It can also result in a fixed mindset, impeding learning and intellectual growth.<ref>Dweck, Carol S., "Mindset: The New Psychology of Success," Ballantine Books, 2006</ref> It can undermine motivation for learning and intellectual development.<ref>Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci, "Self-determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, ''Social Development, and Well-being''," American Psychologist, 2000, Vol. 55, No. 1.</ref>
# '''Spiritual Impairments''': Chronic failure to meet psychological needs can also hinder spiritual growth. Low self-esteem, lack of autonomy, and feelings of incompetence can impede a person's search for meaning and purpose in life, potentially leading to existential crises and a lack of spiritual fulfillment.<ref>Frankl, Viktor E., "Man's Search for Meaning," Beacon Press, 2006</ref>


See the article "Toxic Socialization" <ref>Sosteric, Mike, and Gina Ratkovic. “Toxic Socialization,” 2016. <nowiki>https://www.academia.edu/25275338/Toxic_Socialization</nowiki></ref> which provides a run down of all the consequences that accrue as a consequence of violence, which is something that occurs in evironments that are not safe.     
====Environmental Needs====


===The Spiritual/Higher Needs===
See [[Environmental Needs]]


====Need for [[Alignment]] with [[Spiritual Ego====  
==='''Inner Needs'''===
 
Inner needs include our important and closely associated needs for [[Alignment]] and [[Connection]]
 
===== Alignment =====
 
express and unfold <ref name=":0" />
 
We all have a need to express<ref>Expression is identified as an emotional need in Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948.</ref> and unfold. Aristotle, Carl Rogers, and others capture these needs with the concept [[Eudaimonia]] which is the expression of human excellence and virtue (read [[Alignment]]),the doing of what is worth doing.<ref>Ryan, Richard M, and Edward L Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017</ref>
 
Moving to the inner needs now, our alignment need is essentially our need to be “synced-up” with our spiritual ego, to be in alignment with our spiritual ego,. To express and actualize who we truly are deep inside. It can be a little challenging to wrap your head around this, and we talk about it in much greater detail later. For now, just imagine your Spiritual Ego for what it is, a very bright, powerful, kind, compassionate, loving, and aware spiritual being. To be in alignment means that your bodily ego thinks, acts, and feels with the same power, kindness, compassion, love, and awareness that characterizes your spiritual ego. If you are not acting like that, you are not acting in alignment with your spiritual ego.
 
If you want to know what alignment looks like, think Jesus Christ, the Buddha, and, for all his patriarchal and elitist imperfections, Ghandi or Mother Theresa. Though they may not have been perfect, these individuals strove to meet their need for alignment between the spiritual ego and bodily ego by expressing power, kindness, compassion, love, and awareness.
 
For your information, Maslow has some thoughts on this inner need for alignment in his article “How we Diminish Ourselves," and how this need to align with our "deepest nature" finds a way to push through even when we actively resist. <nowiki><ref>Abraham H. Maslow, “How We Diminish Ourselves,” </nowiki>''The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development'' 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 117–20.<nowiki></ref></nowiki>
 
Alignment needs are your needs to be in alignment/agreement with your own ethics, values, and purpose.  In LP terms, this means being in alignment with your [[Spiritual Ego]].


in Humanistic psychology, self-actualization.<ref>The term self-actualization, originally coined by Kurt Goldstein, was picked up by Abraham Maslow. For Maslow, the need for self-actualization is the need to be creative, to express one’s essence and desire, and to do what one is “fitted for.” As he says, “A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy. What a man [sic] can be, he must be. This need we may call self-actualization” (Maslow, 1943, pp. 382). This is all true, but in LP psychology we would understand self-actualization as actualization/expression of [[Self]], with a capital "S".</ref> Presuming the existence of a “soul,” or a spark of Consciousness that exists independent of the physical body, we need to align our bodily ego, our body’s self or [[Bodily Ego]], with this higher level our Self, our [[Spiritual Ego]].  
in Humanistic psychology, self-actualization.<ref>The term self-actualization, originally coined by Kurt Goldstein, was picked up by Abraham Maslow. For Maslow, the need for self-actualization is the need to be creative, to express one’s essence and desire, and to do what one is “fitted for.” As he says, “A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy. What a man [sic] can be, he must be. This need we may call self-actualization” (Maslow, 1943, pp. 382). This is all true, but in LP psychology we would understand self-actualization as actualization/expression of [[Self]], with a capital "S".</ref> Presuming the existence of a “soul,” or a spark of Consciousness that exists independent of the physical body, we need to align our bodily ego, our body’s self or [[Bodily Ego]], with this higher level our Self, our [[Spiritual Ego]].  
# Our biological programmed '''Need for [[Connection]] with family, Spirit, Highest Self''', place (land), the ancestors,<ref>Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” ''The Qualitative Report'' 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482</ref> [[Pachamama]],<ref>Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” ''The Qualitative Report'' 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482.</ref>and God.  
 
#*It is not enough to actualize our highest self, we need to go beyond and actually make a strong connection with this inner Self.  
===== Connection =====
'''Connection needs are your needs to be connected, to your family, to your friends, to your work place, to your own [[Spiritual Ego]], and even to God.'''
#Our biological programmed '''Need for [[Connection]] with family, Spirit, Highest Self''', place (land), the ancestors,<ref>Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” ''The Qualitative Report'' 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482</ref> [[Pachamama]],<ref>Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” ''The Qualitative Report'' 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482.</ref>and God.  
#*It is not enough to actualize our highest self, we need to go beyond and actually make a strong connection with this inner Self.
#*This is a common desideratum of human spiritual systems. In Transpersonal Psychology, transcendence; in Christianity, Islamic, salvation; in Buddhism, enlightenment; etc.) In Transpersonal Psychology, this is known as transcendence; in Christianity and Islamic traditions, this is known as salvation, “Entering the Kingdom,” etc. in Buddhism and Easter traditions, enlightenment). In Sociology, this notion is expressed in a Christian form in Troelstech’s conception of mysticism as the “perfection of the spiritual life” and “unity with the divine” (Steeman, 1975). Evelyn Underhill points directly to this need when she says that we have an “innate tendency...towards complete harmony with the transcendental order, whatever the theological formula under which that order is understood” (Underhill, 2002). Jung referred to this as the experience of the numinosum (Jung, 1938, p. 6).
#*This is a common desideratum of human spiritual systems. In Transpersonal Psychology, transcendence; in Christianity, Islamic, salvation; in Buddhism, enlightenment; etc.) In Transpersonal Psychology, this is known as transcendence; in Christianity and Islamic traditions, this is known as salvation, “Entering the Kingdom,” etc. in Buddhism and Easter traditions, enlightenment). In Sociology, this notion is expressed in a Christian form in Troelstech’s conception of mysticism as the “perfection of the spiritual life” and “unity with the divine” (Steeman, 1975). Evelyn Underhill points directly to this need when she says that we have an “innate tendency...towards complete harmony with the transcendental order, whatever the theological formula under which that order is understood” (Underhill, 2002). Jung referred to this as the experience of the numinosum (Jung, 1938, p. 6).
#*The [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]] speaks of an "intimate and vital bond of man [sic] to God" and says that the "desire for God is written in the human heart, because man is created by God and for God; and God never ceases to draw man to himself. Only in God will he find the truth and happiness he never stops searching for."<ref>Vatican. ''The Catechism of the Catholic Church''. Vatican City: Vatican, 1992.https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9.HTM</ref> "''Man is made to live in communion with God in whom he finds happiness: When I am completely united to you, there will be no more sorrow or trials; entirely full of you, my life will be complete.''"<ref>Vatican. ''The Catechism of the Catholic Church''. Vatican City: Vatican, 1992.https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__PD.HTM</ref>
In Vedanta, this is the highest need, the most " outstanding urge in people is the search after the abiding spirit or God. There is an inherent desire in every man to experience the abiding spirit, and until he reaches that goal there is no hope for real peace of mind."<ref>Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948. p. 51-2.</ref>
In Vedanta, this is the highest need, the most " outstanding urge in people is the search after the abiding spirit or God. There is an inherent desire in every man to experience the abiding spirit, and until he reaches that goal there is no hope for real peace of mind."<ref>Akhilananda, Swami. ''Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West''. Routledge, 1948. p. 51-2.</ref>
Satisfaction of one's essential needs leads to wellbeing, physical, mental, and emotional health, creativity, and [[Eudaimonia]].<ref>Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept.” ''Psychological Inquiry'' 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 319–38. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03</nowiki></ref>
Satisfaction of one's essential needs leads to wellbeing, physical, mental, and emotional health, creativity, and [[Eudaimonia]].<ref>Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept.” ''Psychological Inquiry'' 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 319–38. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03</nowiki></ref>


===Need for Connection with [[Spiritual Ego]]===
[[Ibn Khaldun]] describes [[Asabiyya]] as group feeling, group cohesion (i.e., group connection).


As always, this essential need for connection is biologically programmed by evolutionary processes for several reasons, most important of which, as outlined in Lightning Rod on the Positive Outcomes of Connection, is that being connected makes you smarter, more capable, healthier, happier, and more adaptable than you would be without connection, thereby increasing your chances of surviving and living a happy and fulfilling life. Basically, the spiritual ego is a better, more powerful, more capable version of your body ego. If you want the most out of life, you definitely want to connect the two.
==== In the literature ====
George Simmel speaks of " religiousness as an inner state or need of man..."<ref>Simmel, George. Essays on Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. p. 3.</ref>
George Simmel speaks of " religiousness as an inner state or need of man..."<ref>Simmel, George. Essays on Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. p. 3.</ref>


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Sri Swami Sivananda notes that religion (I would say [[Authentic Religion]]) a "deep inward craving"  (i.e., a need for connection)<ref>Sivananda, Sri Swami. ''All About Hinduism''. Uttar Predesh, Humalayas, India: Divine Life Trust, 1999. <nowiki>https://www.academia.edu/32682910</nowiki></ref>
Sri Swami Sivananda notes that religion (I would say [[Authentic Religion]]) a "deep inward craving"  (i.e., a need for connection)<ref>Sivananda, Sri Swami. ''All About Hinduism''. Uttar Predesh, Humalayas, India: Divine Life Trust, 1999. <nowiki>https://www.academia.edu/32682910</nowiki></ref>
Swami Vivekananda speaks of the critical importance of meeting people's needs. Though he did not use that name, intimations of a hierarchy of needs was first proposed by Swami Vivekananda in "The Secret Work" in his book Karma Yoga. <ref>Vivekananda, Swami. "The Secret of Work." Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda. Vol. 5. 9 vols. Advaita Ashrama, 2016. https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/SWAMI-VIVEKANANDA-COMPLETE-WORKS-Vol-1.pdf</ref>
Essential needs are equivalent to "basic needs" in that they represent "an energizing state that, if satisfied, conduces toward health and well-being but, if not satisfied, contributes to pathology and ill-being." <ref>Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000. p. 74.</ref>
=== General Consequences ===
'''Easier to manipulate.''' Individuals with unmet needs may be easier to manipulate because of their lifelong craving and desperate seeking of satisfaction. <ref>Grof, Stanislav. ''When the Impossible Happens.'' Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 2006.</ref> This craving, which is often completely unconscious, can be exploited by disreputable or mentally ill actors. See for example Layton who cites Jim Jones attention and manipulative praise as psychological reasons for her toxic attachment to the Jonestown cult. <ref>Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. https://amzn.to/2wxOse4.</ref> Note, this applies to all needs. Insufficient satisfaction leads to "craving" which makes actors susceptible to manipulators who offers, or even just promise, the satisfaction of one or more of the seven essential needs.
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[[Is a term::Human Development| ]]
[[Is a term::Human Development| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Essential Needs| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Human Development| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Active Need Fulfillment| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Active Need Fulfillment| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Physical Unit| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Attachment| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Communication Error| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Deficit Mode| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Deficit Mode| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Defence Mode| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Deficiency Disease| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::D-Realm| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Essential Needs| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Five Key Areas of Human Development| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Good Specimen| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Growth Mode| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Healing| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Healing| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Human Development| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Human Potential| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Healing Space| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::LP HEALING Framework| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::LP HEALING Framework| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Lightning Path School of Human Devleopment| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Needs| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Needs| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Normative Biology| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Physical Unit| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Repair Mode| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Toxic Socialization| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::School of Human Devleopment| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::3Ds of Toxic Existence| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::School of Human Development| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Sufficient Satisfaction| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::The Work| ]]
[[Is a related LP term::Polyvagal Theory| ]]

Latest revision as of 14:44, 31 October 2024

The Seven Essential Needs are the seven needs the physical body and mind (i.e. Physical Unit) is required to meet in order to grow up healthy and finally achieve and maintain strong Connection.[1] [2][3] The Seven Essential Needs are broken down into two general categories, basic needs and inner needs.The basic needs include the physiological, cognitive, environmental, emotional, and psychological needs of the body. The inner needs include the need for Alignment and the need for Connection. Failure to meet the seven essential needs leads to the 3Ds of Toxic Existence.

Seven Essential Needs

Syncretic Terms

Seven Essential Needs > Cognitive Interests

List of Essential Needs Categories

Seven Essential Needs > Cognitive Needs, Emotional Needs, Environmental Needs

Related LP Terms

Seven Essential Needs > 5Ds of Toxic Existence, Attachments, Basic Needs, Dependent Need Fulfillment, Essential Needs Rule Set, Five Key Areas of Human Development, Healing Space, Inner Needs, Needs Algorithm, Physical Unit, Realistic Empowerment, Sufficient Satisfaction, The Work, Toxic Socialization

Non-LP Related Terms

Seven Essential Needs > Active Need Fulfillment, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study, D-Cognition, D-Realm, Deficiency Diseases, Essential Needs, Good Science, Good Specimen, Health, Hierarchy of Basic Needs, Hierarchy of Cognitive Needs, Human Development, Human Development Framework, Needs, Normative Biology, Polyvagal Theory, Psychological Framework, School of Human Development, Seven Toxic Needs, Transhumanistic, Violence

Notes

The Seven Essential Needs are the foundations of human health and full Human Development. Failure to sufficiently meet essential needs leads to atrophy and eventual degradation of bodily systems.

Maslow "warned that the systematic frustration of basic needs for survival and higher needs for meaning and purpose would result in personal and collective neurosis" [4]

Meeting essential needs puts an individual body into Growth Mode. Failure to sufficiently satisfy essential needs leads the Physical Unit (the body and mind) to redirect bodily energy towards the satisfaction of unmet needs. A body whose energy is being redirected towards the satisfaction of unmet needs is a body operating in Deficit Mode (see also Growth Mode). Chronic neglect of essential needs leads to dysfunction, disease, and disconnection (the 3Ds of Toxic Existence).

The Seven Essential Needs are broken down into two general categories, basic needs and inner needs. Each of these categories includes several related needs.

Basic needs are foundational needs. In order for an individual to grow healthy and connected, these needs must be sufficiently met else the body and mind atrophy. Basic needs include physiological needs (food, water), emotional needs (love and belonging, attachment, inclusion), cognitive needs (truth and understanding), psychological needs (positive self-regard, positive-esteem), and environmental (safe, aesthetically pleasing home environments. stable finances, etc.).

Inner needs are "spiritual" needs for Alignment and Connection.

The Basic Needs

Physiological Needs

Physiological needs include the need for healthy food, water, vitamins, and air, the need for physical exercise, the need for clothing, the need for sleep, and so on. Physiological needs also include the absence of physical pain.

Satisfaction of physiological needs has profound benefits for our physiological, emotional, cognitive, egoic, and spiritual well-being.

  1. Physiological Outcomes: Fulfilling physiological needs leads to overall improved health and vitality. Good nutrition promotes immune system function,[5] while regular physical activity can reduce the risk of various diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity.[6] Adequate sleep is associated with enhanced immune function, improved metabolic health, and lower risk of chronic diseases.[7] Proper clothing protects the body from environmental hazards, while the absence of physical pain improves quality of life.[8]
  2. Egoic Outcomes:
  3. Emotional Outcomes: With physiological needs met, individuals are less likely to experience stress, anxiety, and depression related to survival worries. Moreover, regular physical exercise can lead to improved mood and reduced anxiety.[9]
  4. Cognitive Outcomes: Adequate nutrition, particularly intake of essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and B vitamins, supports brain development and can enhance cognitive function and slow cognitive decline.[10] Regular physical exercise and good sleep quality are also associated with better cognitive performance and reduced risk of neurodegenerative diseases.[11]
  5. Spiritual Outcomes: Meeting physiological needs can free up mental and emotional resources and put the Bodily Ego into Growth Mode, allowing individuals to pursue Alignment and engage in Connection Practice.

A failure to meet physiological needs leads to a host of sequelae, including

  1. Physiological Impairments: Long-term deprivation of physiological needs can lead to various health issues. Lack of proper nutrition can cause malnutrition which in turn leads to structural changes and reduced brain volume,[12] a weakened immune system, and increased susceptibility to diseases.[13] Sleep deprivation can increase the risk of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and other chronic health problems.[14] The absence of physical exercise can lead to obesity, heart diseases, and a decreased life expectancy.[15] Constant physical pain can deteriorate overall health and quality of life.[16] Note that physiological deprivations experienced by the mother have negative consequences for the fetus.
  2. Egoic Impairments:
  3. Emotional Impairments: Long-term deprivation of physiological needs can lead to emotional stress, anxiety, and depression, primarily due to feelings of vulnerability and an incessant state of fear and anxiety over meeting basic needs.[17] Chronic stress and anxiety can in turn lead to additional mental health impairments.[18]
  4. Cognitive Impairments: Chronic malnutrition, particularly during the "brain growth spurt," can impact cognitive development and function, causing deficits in memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility.[19] Lack of sleep can significantly affect cognitive functions such as attention, memory, decision-making and problem-solving abilities.[20] Finally, the constant worry about meeting basic needs can put an individual into Deficit Mode. In this mode, the individual's cognitive development, processing, and learning capacity are undermined[21] as cognitive energies are diverted away from growth tasks (Growth Mode) and towards meeting unmet basic needs (Deficit Mode).
  5. Spiritual Impairments:

Adam Smith said an interesting thing about the deprivation of physiological needs, particularly in relation to poverty.[22]

Emotional Needs

See Emotional Needs


Cognitive Needs

See Cognitive Needs

Psychological Needs

In addition to physiological, environmental, and emotional needs, we also have basic psychological needs. Our psychological needs include our need for positive self-esteem and sense of self, our need to feel powerful and competent,[23] our need to feel good about and to have faith in ourselves,[24] and our need for autonomy and freedom,[25] We need to feel we are a good person that is worthy of love and acceptance. We also need to feel competent and powerful, like we can accomplish the things we want to accomplish in life.[26][27][28][29]

Satisfaction of these needs has been linked to well-being,[30] competence, vitality,[31] and enhanced creativity. Satisfaction of these leads also support Alignment and Connection, which together allow for the full expression of the Spiritual Ego.

Sufficiently meeting psychological needs has been shown to promote well-being and overall life satisfaction across several dimensions:

  1. Physiological Outcomes: When psychological needs are met, it can lead to improved physiological health. Studies have shown that positive self-esteem and autonomy are associated with better physical health, likely due to healthier lifestyle choices and improved stress management. Enhanced well-being can also lead to improved immune function and slower aging[32]).
  2. Egoic Outcomes:
  3. Emotional Outcomes: Meeting psychological needs contributes significantly to emotional well-being. A positive self-concept, feelings of competence, and autonomy are all associated with lower levels of negative emotions and higher levels of positive emotions. People with high self-esteem and feelings of competence tend to be more resilient and better able to handle emotional setbacks.[33]
  4. Cognitive Outcomes: Satisfying psychological needs like autonomy and competence has been linked to enhanced cognitive performance, including improved problem-solving skills, creativity, and learning outcomes. It also encourages a growth mindset, promoting continuous learning and intellectual development[34].
  5. Spiritual Outcomes: A positive sense of self and feelings of competence can contribute to spiritual growth by fostering a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Individuals who have their psychological needs met may be better able to engage in self-reflection and spiritual exploration[35]

Chronic failure to meet psychological needs such as a positive sense of self, autonomy, competence, and feeling good about oneself can have severe consequences:

  1. Physiological Impairments: Chronic psychological distress can have significant impacts on physiological health. Prolonged experiences of low self-esteem, feelings of incompetence, and lack of autonomy can lead to stress, which in turn can affect the immune system, cardiovascular health, and sleep patterns.[36] Chronic stress has also been linked to accelerated cellular aging[37]
  2. Egoic/Personality Impairments.
    1. Personality Disorders: Particularly, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) may arise from an inflated sense of self-worth and a desperate need for validation, while borderline personality disorder (BPD) might occur when an individual feels chronically invalidated and struggles with self-image and fear of abandonment.[38][39]
    2. Eating Disorders: Unmet needs for self-esteem and competence can contribute to the development of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. These disorders often stem from a distorted body image and an extreme desire for control.[40]
    3. Substance Use Disorders: These disorders may occur when individuals use substances as a coping mechanism to deal with feelings of low self-esteem, powerlessness, or lack of freedom. Substance use disorders are closely linked to poor mental health and unmet psychological needs.[41]
  3. Emotional Impairments: A lack of fulfillment in psychological needs can lead to various emotional disorders, including depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Poor self-esteem and feelings of incompetence can lead to heightened sensitivity to negative feedback and rejection, increasing vulnerability to depressive symptoms.[42][43]
  4. Cognitive Impairments: Unmet psychological needs can negatively impact cognitive functioning. A lack of autonomy and feelings of incompetence can impair problem-solving abilities and diminish creativity. It can also result in a fixed mindset, impeding learning and intellectual growth.[44] It can undermine motivation for learning and intellectual development.[45]
  5. Spiritual Impairments: Chronic failure to meet psychological needs can also hinder spiritual growth. Low self-esteem, lack of autonomy, and feelings of incompetence can impede a person's search for meaning and purpose in life, potentially leading to existential crises and a lack of spiritual fulfillment.[46]

Environmental Needs

See Environmental Needs

Inner Needs

Inner needs include our important and closely associated needs for Alignment and Connection

Alignment

express and unfold [23]

We all have a need to express[47] and unfold. Aristotle, Carl Rogers, and others capture these needs with the concept Eudaimonia which is the expression of human excellence and virtue (read Alignment),the doing of what is worth doing.[48]

Moving to the inner needs now, our alignment need is essentially our need to be “synced-up” with our spiritual ego, to be in alignment with our spiritual ego,. To express and actualize who we truly are deep inside. It can be a little challenging to wrap your head around this, and we talk about it in much greater detail later. For now, just imagine your Spiritual Ego for what it is, a very bright, powerful, kind, compassionate, loving, and aware spiritual being. To be in alignment means that your bodily ego thinks, acts, and feels with the same power, kindness, compassion, love, and awareness that characterizes your spiritual ego. If you are not acting like that, you are not acting in alignment with your spiritual ego.

If you want to know what alignment looks like, think Jesus Christ, the Buddha, and, for all his patriarchal and elitist imperfections, Ghandi or Mother Theresa. Though they may not have been perfect, these individuals strove to meet their need for alignment between the spiritual ego and bodily ego by expressing power, kindness, compassion, love, and awareness.

For your information, Maslow has some thoughts on this inner need for alignment in his article “How we Diminish Ourselves," and how this need to align with our "deepest nature" finds a way to push through even when we actively resist. <ref>Abraham H. Maslow, “How We Diminish Ourselves,” The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development 29, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 117–20.</ref>

Alignment needs are your needs to be in alignment/agreement with your own ethics, values, and purpose.  In LP terms, this means being in alignment with your Spiritual Ego.

in Humanistic psychology, self-actualization.[49] Presuming the existence of a “soul,” or a spark of Consciousness that exists independent of the physical body, we need to align our bodily ego, our body’s self or Bodily Ego, with this higher level our Self, our Spiritual Ego.

Connection

Connection needs are your needs to be connected, to your family, to your friends, to your work place, to your own Spiritual Ego, and even to God.

  1. Our biological programmed Need for Connection with family, Spirit, Highest Self, place (land), the ancestors,[50] Pachamama,[51]and God.
    • It is not enough to actualize our highest self, we need to go beyond and actually make a strong connection with this inner Self.
    • This is a common desideratum of human spiritual systems. In Transpersonal Psychology, transcendence; in Christianity, Islamic, salvation; in Buddhism, enlightenment; etc.) In Transpersonal Psychology, this is known as transcendence; in Christianity and Islamic traditions, this is known as salvation, “Entering the Kingdom,” etc. in Buddhism and Easter traditions, enlightenment). In Sociology, this notion is expressed in a Christian form in Troelstech’s conception of mysticism as the “perfection of the spiritual life” and “unity with the divine” (Steeman, 1975). Evelyn Underhill points directly to this need when she says that we have an “innate tendency...towards complete harmony with the transcendental order, whatever the theological formula under which that order is understood” (Underhill, 2002). Jung referred to this as the experience of the numinosum (Jung, 1938, p. 6).
    • The Catechism of the Catholic Church speaks of an "intimate and vital bond of man [sic] to God" and says that the "desire for God is written in the human heart, because man is created by God and for God; and God never ceases to draw man to himself. Only in God will he find the truth and happiness he never stops searching for."[52] "Man is made to live in communion with God in whom he finds happiness: When I am completely united to you, there will be no more sorrow or trials; entirely full of you, my life will be complete."[53]

In Vedanta, this is the highest need, the most " outstanding urge in people is the search after the abiding spirit or God. There is an inherent desire in every man to experience the abiding spirit, and until he reaches that goal there is no hope for real peace of mind."[54] Satisfaction of one's essential needs leads to wellbeing, physical, mental, and emotional health, creativity, and Eudaimonia.[55]

Ibn Khaldun describes Asabiyya as group feeling, group cohesion (i.e., group connection).

As always, this essential need for connection is biologically programmed by evolutionary processes for several reasons, most important of which, as outlined in Lightning Rod on the Positive Outcomes of Connection, is that being connected makes you smarter, more capable, healthier, happier, and more adaptable than you would be without connection, thereby increasing your chances of surviving and living a happy and fulfilling life. Basically, the spiritual ego is a better, more powerful, more capable version of your body ego. If you want the most out of life, you definitely want to connect the two.

In the literature

George Simmel speaks of " religiousness as an inner state or need of man..."[56]

Underhill says "Broadly speaking, I understand it to be the expression of the innate tendency of the human spirit towards complete harmony with the transcendental order; whatever be the theological formula under which that order is understood."[57]

Einstein says... "There is a mystical drive in man to learn about his own existence...the dignity of man depends not on his membership in a church, but on his scrutinizing mind, his confidence in his intellect, his figuring things out for himself, and above all his respect for the laws of creation" (Hermanns, 1983: np)

Grof says "spiritual search [i.e., search for connection] appears to be an understandable and legitimate human activity." [58] Further, "The deepest motivating force in the human psyche on all the levels of our development is the craving to return to the experience of our divinity"[59]

The satisfaction of the seventh essential need - connection. "Only the experience of one's divinity in a non-ordinary state of consciousness can ever fulfill our deepest needs"[60]

Grof also notes that "Full satisfaction comes ultimately from the experience of...our own divinity, not the pursuit of material goals of any scope or kind [61].

"It is now becoming increasingly evident that a craving for transcendence and a need for inner development are basic and normal aspects of human nature." (alignment and connection) [62]

Huxley (PP) notes that Totalitarian regimes exploit humanity's need for "unity" (read Connection) by "by means of a philosophy of political monism, according to which the state is God on earth, unification under the heel of the divine state is salvation, and all means to such unification, however intrinsically wicked, are right and may be used without scruple."

St. Teresa of Avila notes speaks of a need for actualization and connection suggesting that is "quenches thirst." "Oh, my Lord, if only one could be plunged so deeply into this living water that one’s life would end! Can that be? Yes: 34 this love and desire for God35 can increase so much that human nature is unable to bear it, and so there have been persons who have died of it."[63]

Sri Swami Sivananda notes that religion (I would say Authentic Religion) a "deep inward craving" (i.e., a need for connection)[64]

Swami Vivekananda speaks of the critical importance of meeting people's needs. Though he did not use that name, intimations of a hierarchy of needs was first proposed by Swami Vivekananda in "The Secret Work" in his book Karma Yoga. [65]

Essential needs are equivalent to "basic needs" in that they represent "an energizing state that, if satisfied, conduces toward health and well-being but, if not satisfied, contributes to pathology and ill-being." [66]

General Consequences

Easier to manipulate. Individuals with unmet needs may be easier to manipulate because of their lifelong craving and desperate seeking of satisfaction. [67] This craving, which is often completely unconscious, can be exploited by disreputable or mentally ill actors. See for example Layton who cites Jim Jones attention and manipulative praise as psychological reasons for her toxic attachment to the Jonestown cult. [68] Note, this applies to all needs. Insufficient satisfaction leads to "craving" which makes actors susceptible to manipulators who offers, or even just promise, the satisfaction of one or more of the seven essential needs.

Related LP Content and Courses

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Sosteric and Ratkovic. “Seven Essential Needs,” 2018. https://www.academia.edu/38114100/The_Seven_Essential_Needs.
  2. ↑ Also see Ratkovic, Gina and Sosteric, MIke. “It Takes a Village: Advancing Attachment Theory and Recovering the Roots of Human Health with the Seven Essential Needs.” Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 2022. https://www.academia.edu/61410417
  3. ↑ Sosteric, Mike & Ratkovic, Gina. Eupsychian Theory: Reclaiming Maslow and Rejecting The Pyramid The Seven Essential Needs.” PsyArXiv Preprints, 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fswk9
  4. ↑ Briskin, Alan. “Eupsychian Management: Spirit of the Good in Humanity and Society.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 63, no. 4 (July 1, 2023): 495–501. p. 448. doi:10.1177/00221678211002757.
  5. ↑ Field, Catherine, Glen P. Johnson, and Patricia D. Schley. “Nutrients and Their Role in Host Resistance to Infection.” Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.71.1.16.
  6. ↑ Steven N. Blair, "Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century," British Journal of Sports Medicine 43, no. 1 (2009): 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.030486
  7. ↑ Kristen L. Knutson, "Sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence," Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 24, no. 5 (2010): 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2010.07.001
  8. ↑ Paul J. Goadsby, "Recent advances in understanding migraine mechanisms, molecules and therapeutics," Trends in Molecular Medicine 13, no. 1 (2007): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2006.11.005
  9. ↑ Michael W. Otto, Jasper A. J. Smits, "Exercise for mood and anxiety: Proven strategies for overcoming depression and enhancing well-being," (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
  10. ↑ Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Marshall G. Miller, Nopporn Thangthaeng, Amanda N. Poulose, "Berry Fruit Enhances Beneficial Signaling in the Brain," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 5 (2017): 820-827. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2036033
  11. ↑ Laura D. Baker, Laura L. Frank, Karen Foster-Schubert, Pattie S. Green, Charles W. Wilkinson, Anne McTiernan, "Aerobic Exercise Improves Cognition for Older Adults with Glucose Intolerance, A Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 22, no. 2 (2010): 569-579. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100768
  12. ↑ Isaacson, R. L. (1974). The effect of malnutrition on the developing brain. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27(6), 667–676
  13. ↑ Ann M. Prendergast, and Eleanor M. Riley, "Immune Mechanisms in Malaria: New Insights in Vaccine Development," Nature Medicine 19, no. 2 (2013): 168.10.1038/nm.3083
  14. ↑ Kristen L. Knutson, and Eve Van Cauter, "Associations Between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1129, no. 1 (2008): 287-304. 10.1196/annals.1417.033
  15. ↑ Steven N. Blair, and William L. Haskell, "Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Adults," JAMA 296, no. 2 (2006): 216-218. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828b076a
  16. ↑ Abraham H. Maslow, "A Theory of Human Motivation," Psychological Review 50, no. 4 (1943): 370.
  17. ↑ Mary C. Sutter, "Fear, Anxiety and Worry," Psychiatry 3, no. 2 (2004): 45-48.
  18. ↑ Mark L. Hatzenbuehler, "How Does Sexual Minority Stigma "Get Under the Skin"? A Psychological Mediation Framework," Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 5 (2009): 707. 10.1037/a0016441
  19. ↑ Lynne Georgiadis, Alan Jackson, and Lucy Eaton, "Undernutrition and Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review," BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (2020): e035378. 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035378
  20. ↑ Hans P.A. Van Dongen, Greg Maislin, Janet M. Mullington, and David F. Dinges, "The Cumulative Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation," Sleep 26, no. 2 (2003): 117-26.
  21. ↑ Rachel T. Kimbro, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Sara McLanahan, "Young Children in Urban Areas: Links Among Neighborhood Characteristics, Weight Status, Outdoor Play, and Television-Watching," Social Science & Medicine 72, no. 5 (2011): 668-76.
  22. ↑ "But poverty, though it does not prevent the generation, is extremely unfavourable to the rearing of children. The tender plant is produced, but in so cold a soil and so severe a climate, soon withers and dies. " Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations - An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Bantam Classics, 2003.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000.
  24. ↑ Akhilananda, Swami. Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West. Routledge, 1948. p. 80
  25. ↑ Edward L Deci and Richard M Ryan, Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour (New York: Springer Science, 1985).
  26. ↑ A Bandura, “Human Agency in Social-Cognition Theory,” American Psychologist 44 (1989): 1175–84
  27. ↑ A. H. Maslow, Towards a Psychology of Being (2nd Edition) (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1968)
  28. ↑ Carl Rogers, Freedom to Learn (Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, 1969)
  29. ↑ C. Rogers, A Way of Being. (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1980); R White, Ego and Reality in Psychoanalytic Theory, vol. Psychological Issues Series, Monograph No. 11. (New York: International Universities Press, 1963).
  30. ↑ Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN, 22(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings
  31. ↑ Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996, January 1). What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN, 22(12), 1270–1279. British Library Document Supply Centre Inside Serials & Conference Proceedings
  32. ↑ Ryff, Carol D., and Burton H. Singer. "Know Thyself and Become What You Are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-being." Journal of Happiness Studies 9, no. 1 (2008): 13–39.
  33. ↑ Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan, "The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-determination of Behavior," Psychological Inquiry, 2000, Vol. 11, No. 4
  34. ↑ Niemiec, Christopher P., and Richard M. Ryan. "Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in the Classroom: Applying Self-determination Theory to Educational Practice." Theory and Research in Education 7, no. 2 (2009): 133–144.
  35. ↑ Emmons, Robert A. "Is Spirituality an Intelligence? Motivation, Cognition, and the Psychology of Ultimate Concern." The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 10, no. 1 (2000): 3–26.
  36. ↑ Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K., and Ronald Glaser, "Psychoneuroimmunology and Health Consequences: Data and Shared Mechanisms," Psychosomatic Medicine, 1995, Vol. 57, No. 3
  37. ↑ Epel, Elissa S., et al. "Cell Aging in Relation to Stress Arousal and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors." Psychoneuroendocrinology 31, no. 3 (2006): 277–287.
  38. ↑ Elsa Ronningstam, "Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Clinical Perspective," Journal of Psychiatric Practice 17, no. 2 (2011): 89-99. 10.1097/01.pra.0000396066.52803.aa
  39. ↑ Marsha M. Linehan, Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (New York: Guilford Press, 1993).
  40. ↑ Christopher G. Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, and Roz Shafran, "Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Eating Disorders: A 'Transdiagnostic' Theory and Treatment," Behaviour Research and Therapy 41, no. 5 (2003): 509-528. 10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00088
  41. ↑ Edward J. Khantzian, "The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications," Harvard Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 5 (1997): 231-244. 10.3109/10673229709030550
  42. ↑ Orth, Ulrich, et al., "Low Self-esteem Is a Risk Factor for Depressive Symptoms from Young Adulthood to Old Age," Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2008, Vol. 117, No. 3.
  43. ↑ Baumeister, Roy F., "Self-Esteem, Self-Concept, and Self-Worth," In Handbook of Self and Identity, Second Edition, 2012
  44. ↑ Dweck, Carol S., "Mindset: The New Psychology of Success," Ballantine Books, 2006
  45. ↑ Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci, "Self-determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-being," American Psychologist, 2000, Vol. 55, No. 1.
  46. ↑ Frankl, Viktor E., "Man's Search for Meaning," Beacon Press, 2006
  47. ↑ Expression is identified as an emotional need in Akhilananda, Swami. Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West. Routledge, 1948.
  48. ↑ Ryan, Richard M, and Edward L Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017
  49. ↑ The term self-actualization, originally coined by Kurt Goldstein, was picked up by Abraham Maslow. For Maslow, the need for self-actualization is the need to be creative, to express one’s essence and desire, and to do what one is “fitted for.” As he says, “A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately happy. What a man [sic] can be, he must be. This need we may call self-actualization” (Maslow, 1943, pp. 382). This is all true, but in LP psychology we would understand self-actualization as actualization/expression of Self, with a capital "S".
  50. ↑ Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” The Qualitative Report 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482
  51. ↑ Lucana, Sonia, and John Elfers. “Sacred Medicine: Indigenous Healing and Mental Health.” The Qualitative Report 25, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 4482.
  52. ↑ Vatican. The Catechism of the Catholic Church. Vatican City: Vatican, 1992.https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P9.HTM
  53. ↑ Vatican. The Catechism of the Catholic Church. Vatican City: Vatican, 1992.https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__PD.HTM
  54. ↑ Akhilananda, Swami. Hindu Psychology: Its Meaning in the West. Routledge, 1948. p. 51-2.
  55. ↑ Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. “The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept.” Psychological Inquiry 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 319–38. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_03
  56. ↑ Simmel, George. Essays on Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997. p. 3.
  57. ↑ Underhill, Evelyn. Mysticism: A Study in the Nature and Development of Spiritual Consciousness. New York: Dover Publications, 2002. https://amzn.to/2C91xNY.
  58. ↑ Grof, Stanislav. Technologies of the Sacred Part Two.” The International Journal of Humanities and Peace 15, no. 1 (1999): 93–96. p. 93.
  59. ↑ Grof, S. (1999). Technologies of the Sacred—Part Two. The International Journal of Humanities and Peace, 15(1), 93–96. p.96 https://www.lightningpath.org/readings/Technologies_of_the_sacred_II.pdf
  60. ↑ Laszlo, Ervin, Stanislav Grof, and Peter Russell. The Consciousness Revolution. Las Vegas: Elf Rock Productions, 1999. https://amzn.to/2TlOCmC. p. 67.
  61. ↑ Laszlo, Ervin, Stanislav Grof, and Peter Russell. The Consciousness Revolution. Las Vegas: Elf Rock Productions, 1999. https://amzn.to/2TlOCmC. p. 8.
  62. ↑ Grof, Christina, and Stanislav Grof. The Stormy Search for the Self: A Guide to Personal Growth Through Transformational Crises. Penguin, 1990. https://amzn.to/2UtkgP1. p. 31.
  63. ↑ St. Teresa of Avila. The Way of Perfection. New York: Dover Publications, 2012. https://amzn.to/2Id75es.
  64. ↑ Sivananda, Sri Swami. All About Hinduism. Uttar Predesh, Humalayas, India: Divine Life Trust, 1999. https://www.academia.edu/32682910
  65. ↑ Vivekananda, Swami. "The Secret of Work." Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda. Vol. 5. 9 vols. Advaita Ashrama, 2016. https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/SWAMI-VIVEKANANDA-COMPLETE-WORKS-Vol-1.pdf
  66. ↑ Ryan, R. M., and E. L. Deci. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 2000. p. 74.
  67. ↑ Grof, Stanislav. When the Impossible Happens. Boulder, CO: Sounds True, 2006.
  68. ↑ Layton, Deborah. Seductive Poison. New York: Anchor Books, 2010. https://amzn.to/2wxOse4.

















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