Jainism
Jainist Terms
Jainism > Correct Knowledge, Mahavrata, Nirvana, Rishabhanatha, Tirthankaras
List of Connection Frameworks
The following is an incomplete list of extant and extinct connection frameworks.
Arica School, Baha'i, Buddhism, Eupsychian Theory, Gnosticism, Holistic Nursing, Jainism, Karma Yoga, League For Spiritual Discovery, Monastic Christianity, Neo-Hinduism, Sanatana Dharma, Shattari, Sufism, Taoism, The Lightning Path, Theosophy, Transpersonal Psychology, Wicca, Yoga, Zen
Notes
Jainism is a heterodox (in relation to Hinduism) religion. It rejects the authority of the Vedas.[1]
"Jainism is one of the most ancient of India's indigenous traditions, and the oldest of the surviving non-Vedic schools."[2]
Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the twenty-four tirthankaras, the first being Rishabhanatha[3]
Jainism teaches that all of creation is imbued with life.[4] This belief leads to the explication and practice of ahimsa, which is the avoidance of all forms of violence.
Jainism developed two paths of practice, mahavrata (great vow) and anuvrata (lesser vow) The former, stricter vow (no taking of any life) applies to monks, the later to lay people who are allowed to take life in some instances.[5]
Jainas are strict vegetarians. They also exclude alcohol, honey, and certain figs because they harbor other life forms. Chapple, Christopher Key. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. New York: State University of New York, 1993.
Jainism notes four goals of human existence, these being "Dharma, artha, kaama and moksa" which "are defined in SV I.15 G:I.105-106)[6]
Moksa is achieved via a yoga which encourages alignment, specifically correct "knowledge, faith, and conduct." [7]
Alignment is encouraged via the Five Great Vows
Five Great Vows
The Five Great Vows are vows designed to facilitate Alignment.The basics our outlined below, but elaborations of the strict moral code are provided in the Yoga Sastra of Hermacandra[8]
1 Non-Harm. Do no harm, either intentionally or unintentionally to any living being.
2. Truthfulness. Speak and write pleasantly, accurately, and truthfully at all times.
3. Honesty. Do not steal from others. Do not take that which is not granted by the owner."The eighteen kinds of continence consist, according to [our tradition] (mata), in abandoning [all] desires pertaining to celestial [beings] and bearers of gross bodies, 2 [humans as well as animals in mind, speech and body, whether one enjoys them oneself, approves of their enjoyment, or makes others enjoy them."[9]
4. Continence. (read celibacy) "The eighteen kinds of continence consist, according to [our tradition] (mata), in abandoning [all] desires pertaining to celestial [beings] and bearers of gross bodies (auddrika),2 [humans as well as animalsL in mind, speech and body, whether one enjoys them oneself, approves of their enjoyment, or makes others enjoy them."[10] "One should practice [the great vow of] continence by avoiding (1) houses, seats and dwellings (ku(!ydntara) occupied by women, eunuchs and animals, (2) tales about passionate women, (3) memories of earlier sexual en;oyments [as a house- holder], ( 4) casting a covetous eye in the direction of the "pleasant parts" of a woman and adorning the body, and [finally] (5) by avoiding extravagant and immoderate eating [which will awaken the passions"[11]
5. Properylessness.[12] "Propertylessness consists in abandoning obsessional desires with respect to any object, because obsessional desires contribute to the mind's bewilderment, even when nothing is present."[13] "The five exercises of [the great] vow of "nothingness" [or propertylessness] are defined as (1-5) the abandonment of vehement obsessional desire in relation to the objects of the five senses, which are [so] enchanting, (i.e.] when there is a pleasant touch, taste, smell, form and sound. [One should also] completely avoid hatted when these [five sense objects] are not pleasing to the mind." [14]
Footnotes
- ↑ Chapple, Christopher Key. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. New York: State University of New York, 1993.
- ↑ Chapple, Christopher Key. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. New York: State University of New York, 1993. p. 9
- ↑ Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica. “Rishabhanatha | Jaina Saint | Britannica.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rishabhanatha.
- ↑ Chapple, Christopher Key. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. New York: State University of New York, 1993.
- ↑ Chapple, Christopher Key. Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Self in Asian Traditions. New York: State University of New York, 1993.
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002.
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002.
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 24-29.
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 25
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 25
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 26
- ↑ Might be against addiction
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 25
- ↑ Quarnstrom, Olle, trans. The YogaSastra of Hemacandra: A Twelfth-Century Handbook on Svetambara Jainism. Cambridge: Harvard University, 2002. p. 26
