Upanishads: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
<blockquote class="definition">The '''Upanishads''' are ancient Vedic Sanskrit texts. The word "Upanishad" means "sit down near"<ref>Katz, Vernon, and Thomas Egenes. The Upanishads: A New Translation. New York: Penguin, 2015.</ref> and are a collection of instructional texts originally memorized by rishis in order to provide instruction to interested students who would "sit down near" the feet of an illuminated teacher to engage in a session of spiritual instruction, as aspirants still do in India today."<ref>Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.</ref></blockquote> | |||
==Upanishads== | |||
{{#ask:[[Is an::Upanishad]]}} | |||
==Upanishads== | ==Primary (मुख्य) Upanishads== | ||
{{#ask:[[Is | {{#ask:[[Is a::Primary Upanishad]]}} | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
"The Upanishads are not systematic philosophy; they are more like ecstatic slide shows of mystical experience – vivid, disjointed, stamped with the power of direct personal encounter with the divine." <ref>Easwaran, Eknath, trans. The Upanishads: Introduced and Translated by Eknath Easwaran. Berkeley, California: Nilgiri Press, 1987. p. 23.</ref> | |||
The Upanishads are channeled texts. "According to India’s ancient tradition of knowledge, the Upanishads were cognized by rishis, or seers. The profound truths dawned spontaneously in the silent depths of their consciousness and were recorded by them and passed down through generations, first orally and later in written form."<ref>Katz, Vernon, and Thomas Egenes. The Upanishads: A New Translation. New York: Penguin, 2015. p. 6 https://amzn.to/2XAhN7M</ref> | |||
The Upanishads are a collection of religious and philosophical texts, written in India between c. 800 BCE and c. 500 BCE, "during a time when Indian society started to question the traditional Vedic religious order." During this period, some decided to pursue spiritual progress, living as ascetics and hermits, giving up family, and rejecting material concerns. Their speculations and philosophy were compiled into the Upanishads, which are an attempt to shift the focus of religious life from external rites and sacrifices towards [[Connection]] and [[Connection Practice]].<ref>Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.</ref> | |||
For a list, see the Miktika, a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muktik%C4%81 collection of 108 Upanisads] | |||
The Vedas are the oldest available Sanskrit literature, they are the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, written between 8000 BCE and 500 BCE,<ref>Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.</ref> and considered to be of divine origin, not authored by humans: “Breathed out by God or visioned by the seers.” They are called sruti (what is heard/channeled) and are more authoritative then smriti, which are commentaries on “what is remembered. “ In New Age speak, the Vedas are considered pure channelled expressions of the highest spiritual truths. | |||
The Vedas come in four sections. The Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda, and the Atharvaveda. Each individual collection is further classified into four major text types – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads. The Upanishads are focussed on meditation, affirmation, cosmology, and [[Connection]]. | |||
The Upanishads are part of the Vedanta (the end of the Vedas) and provide a summary of centuries of spiritual thought specifically aimed at teaching and encouraging connection with God. | |||
"The major constituent parts of the VEdas (rooted in the specialized functions of the Vedic preists during sacrifice) were originally orally transmitted." <ref>Weber. The Religion of India. Toronto: Collier-Macmillan Canada, 1958. p. 26</ref> | |||
<blockquote>The Upanishads are a celebration of the awakening of the Self (Ātman), a state of unbounded pure being, pure bliss. They reveal the great truth of life: The Self of the individual is identical to the Self of the universe (Brahman). They sing out, “I am totality” (aham brahmāsmi). The wholeness of life, Brahman, expresses itself as every particle of creation and as every human being. This is the profound message of the Upanishads.<ref>Vernon Katz and Thomas Egenes, The Upanishads: A New Translation (New York: Penguin, 2015), https://amzn.to/2XAhN7M.</ref></blockquote> | |||
Of the 200 surviving Upanishads, fourteen are considered important. These are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, Kausitaki, Mahanarayana and the Maitri Upanishads." | |||
Of the 200 surviving Upanishads, fourteen are considered important. These are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, Kausitaki, Mahanarayana and the Maitri Upanishads."<ref>Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.</ref> | |||
{{template:endstuff}} | |||
[[category:terms]][[category:books]] | [[category:terms]] | ||
[[category:books]] | |||
[[Is a related term::Hinduism| ]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:10, 19 March 2024
The Upanishads are ancient Vedic Sanskrit texts. The word "Upanishad" means "sit down near"[1] and are a collection of instructional texts originally memorized by rishis in order to provide instruction to interested students who would "sit down near" the feet of an illuminated teacher to engage in a session of spiritual instruction, as aspirants still do in India today."[2]
Upanishads
Aitareya Upanishad, Chandogya Upanishad, Isha Upanishad, Kena Upanishad, Mundaka Upanishad, Taittiriya Upanishad
Primary (मुख्य) Upanishads
Isha Upanishad, Kena Upanishad, Mundaka Upanishad, Taittiriya Upanishad
Notes
"The Upanishads are not systematic philosophy; they are more like ecstatic slide shows of mystical experience – vivid, disjointed, stamped with the power of direct personal encounter with the divine." [3]
The Upanishads are channeled texts. "According to India’s ancient tradition of knowledge, the Upanishads were cognized by rishis, or seers. The profound truths dawned spontaneously in the silent depths of their consciousness and were recorded by them and passed down through generations, first orally and later in written form."[4]
The Upanishads are a collection of religious and philosophical texts, written in India between c. 800 BCE and c. 500 BCE, "during a time when Indian society started to question the traditional Vedic religious order." During this period, some decided to pursue spiritual progress, living as ascetics and hermits, giving up family, and rejecting material concerns. Their speculations and philosophy were compiled into the Upanishads, which are an attempt to shift the focus of religious life from external rites and sacrifices towards Connection and Connection Practice.[5]
For a list, see the Miktika, a collection of 108 Upanisads
The Vedas are the oldest available Sanskrit literature, they are the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, written between 8000 BCE and 500 BCE,[6] and considered to be of divine origin, not authored by humans: “Breathed out by God or visioned by the seers.” They are called sruti (what is heard/channeled) and are more authoritative then smriti, which are commentaries on “what is remembered. “ In New Age speak, the Vedas are considered pure channelled expressions of the highest spiritual truths.
The Vedas come in four sections. The Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda, and the Atharvaveda. Each individual collection is further classified into four major text types – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads. The Upanishads are focussed on meditation, affirmation, cosmology, and Connection.
The Upanishads are part of the Vedanta (the end of the Vedas) and provide a summary of centuries of spiritual thought specifically aimed at teaching and encouraging connection with God.
"The major constituent parts of the VEdas (rooted in the specialized functions of the Vedic preists during sacrifice) were originally orally transmitted." [7]
The Upanishads are a celebration of the awakening of the Self (Ātman), a state of unbounded pure being, pure bliss. They reveal the great truth of life: The Self of the individual is identical to the Self of the universe (Brahman). They sing out, “I am totality” (aham brahmāsmi). The wholeness of life, Brahman, expresses itself as every particle of creation and as every human being. This is the profound message of the Upanishads.[8]
Of the 200 surviving Upanishads, fourteen are considered important. These are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, Kausitaki, Mahanarayana and the Maitri Upanishads."
Of the 200 surviving Upanishads, fourteen are considered important. These are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, Kausitaki, Mahanarayana and the Maitri Upanishads."[9]
Footnotes
- ↑ Katz, Vernon, and Thomas Egenes. The Upanishads: A New Translation. New York: Penguin, 2015.
- ↑ Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.
- ↑ Easwaran, Eknath, trans. The Upanishads: Introduced and Translated by Eknath Easwaran. Berkeley, California: Nilgiri Press, 1987. p. 23.
- ↑ Katz, Vernon, and Thomas Egenes. The Upanishads: A New Translation. New York: Penguin, 2015. p. 6 https://amzn.to/2XAhN7M
- ↑ Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.
- ↑ Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.
- ↑ Weber. The Religion of India. Toronto: Collier-Macmillan Canada, 1958. p. 26
- ↑ Vernon Katz and Thomas Egenes, The Upanishads: A New Translation (New York: Penguin, 2015), https://amzn.to/2XAhN7M.
- ↑ Violatti, Cristian. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed July 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/.
