Michael at 15:51, 7 May 2026

2026-05-07T15:51:56Z

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	Two-Eyed Seeing is a guiding principle for co-learning and knowledge integration brought forward by Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall in 2004. It refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western/mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing, and to using both these eyes together, for the benefit of all. The principle holds Indigenous and mainstream sciences as distinct, whole knowledge systems—side by side, not blended into undifferentiated synthesis—to be woven back and forth between as contextual circumstances demand.		'''Two-Eyed Seeing''' is a guiding principle for co-learning and knowledge integration brought forward by Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall in 2004. It refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western/mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing, and to using both these eyes together, for the benefit of all. The principle holds Indigenous and mainstream sciences as distinct, whole knowledge systems—side by side, not blended into undifferentiated synthesis—to be woven back and forth between as contextual circumstances demand.<ref>Bartlett, Cheryl, Murdena Marshall, and Albert Marshall. “Two-Eyed Seeing and Other Lessons Learned within a Co-Learning Journey of Bringing Together Indigenous and Mainstream Knowledges and Ways of Knowing.” ''Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences'' 2, no. 4 (2012): 331–40. EJ987715, pp. 331–40. ERIC. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8</nowiki>.</ref>
	<ref>Bartlett, Cheryl, Murdena Marshall, and Albert Marshall. “Two-Eyed Seeing and Other Lessons Learned within a Co-Learning Journey of Bringing Together Indigenous and Mainstream Knowledges and Ways of Knowing.” ''Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences'' 2, no. 4 (2012): 331–40. EJ987715, pp. 331–40. ERIC. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8</nowiki>.</ref>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

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**Two-Eyed Seeing** is a guiding principle for co-learning and knowledge integration brought forward by Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall in 2004. It refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western/mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing, and to using both these eyes together,..."
2026-05-07T15:51:03Z

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<h1 class="customtitle">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</h1>
<blockquote class="definition">
**Two-Eyed Seeing** is a guiding principle for co-learning and knowledge integration brought forward by Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall in 2004. It refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western/mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing, and to using both these eyes together, for the benefit of all. The principle holds Indigenous and mainstream sciences as distinct, whole knowledge systems—side by side, not blended into undifferentiated synthesis—to be woven back and forth between as contextual circumstances demand.
<ref>Bartlett, Cheryl, Murdena Marshall, and Albert Marshall. “Two-Eyed Seeing and Other Lessons Learned within a Co-Learning Journey of Bringing Together Indigenous and Mainstream Knowledges and Ways of Knowing.” ''Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences'' 2, no. 4 (2012): 331–40. EJ987715, pp. 331–40. ERIC. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8</nowiki>.</ref>
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==Concept Map==

===Key Terms===

[[Epistemic Infrastructure]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Epistemic Infrastructure]]|format=ul}}

[[Epistemic Practices]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Epistemic Practices]]|format=ul}}

[[Two-Eyed Seeing]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Two-Eyed Seeing]]|format=ul}}

=== Syncretic Terms ===

[[Two-Eyed Seeing]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Two-Eyed Seeing]]}}

===Related LP Terms===
[[Two-Eyed Seeing]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Two-Eyed Seeing]]}}

===Non-LP Related Terms===
[[Two-Eyed Seeing]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Two-Eyed Seeing]]}}

==Notes==

'''Origin:''' Coined by Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall (Eskasoni First Nation) over 25 years ago, it is a guiding principle for living and research.

'''Core Philosophy''': It is not about blending, but about utilizing the best of both worlds—Indigenous (holistic, relationship-based) and Western (analytical, data-driven)—to gain a more comprehensive understanding.

'''Purpose:''' It aims to prevent the clashing of knowledge systems, encourage sustainability, and foster respectful, equitable collaboration, particularly in health, education, and environmental sectors.

'''Application:''' Used to address complex issues like climate change (e.g., combining environmental science with traditional stewardship) or in healthcare for culturally safe care.

===Significance in Modern Context===

Two-Eyed Seeing has been adopted widely, including in environmental studies and as a model for ethical AI development. It prioritizes recognizing that no single perspective is superior and that weaving them can lead to more effective, sustainable solutions.

Jeffery et. all provide some guidance on implementation.<ref>Jeffery, Tristan, Donna L. M. Kurtz, and Charlotte Ann Jones. “Two-Eyed Seeing: Current Approaches, and Discussion of Medical Applications.” ''BCMJ'', May 2026. https://bcmj.org/articles/two-eyed-seeing-current-approaches-and-discussion-medical-applications.</ref>

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[[category:terms]]
[[category:lightningpath]]
[[Is a key term::Epistemic Practices| ]]

Two-Eyed Seeing - Revision history

Michael at 15:51, 7 May 2026

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