Client-Centered Therapy - Revision history

Michael at 04:45, 17 March 2026

2026-03-17T04:45:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:45, 17 March 2026
Line 31:		Line 31:
	{{#ask:[[Is a term::Carl Rogers]]\|format=ul}}		{{#ask:[[Is a term::Carl Rogers]]\|format=ul}}

	~~===Syncretic Terms===~~

	~~[[Client Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Alignment]]}}~~

	== Client Centered Therapy ==		== Client Centered Therapy ==

Michael at 04:51, 1 February 2026

2026-02-01T04:51:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:51, 1 February 2026
Line 46:		Line 46:
	* '''The gaining of insight through assimilated interpretation.''' While founded on emotional self-acceptance, insight is often enriched by the therapist's interpretation of unrecognized emotional patterns and motives for behaviour. Such interpretations serve no useful purpose unless accepted by the client—hence "assimilated interpretation"—and when combined with responsible, self-directed choices toward new goals, they produce effective integration rather than merely leaving the individual wiser but unable to cope.		* '''The gaining of insight through assimilated interpretation.''' While founded on emotional self-acceptance, insight is often enriched by the therapist's interpretation of unrecognized emotional patterns and motives for behaviour. Such interpretations serve no useful purpose unless accepted by the client—hence "assimilated interpretation"—and when combined with responsible, self-directed choices toward new goals, they produce effective integration rather than merely leaving the individual wiser but unable to cope.
	* '''Growing into independence—with support.''' The final period involves education or re-education that enables the continuance of fundamental gains, where the client may need new information to pursue self-chosen goals and will experience discouragements that the rapport situation helps neutralize. This phase provides fresh opportunities for self-clarification and application of previous insight, gradually concluding as the client develops assurance in handling situations alone, despite some feeling of loss on both sides.		* '''Growing into independence—with support.''' The final period involves education or re-education that enables the continuance of fundamental gains, where the client may need new information to pursue self-chosen goals and will experience discouragements that the rapport situation helps neutralize. This phase provides fresh opportunities for self-clarification and application of previous insight, gradually concluding as the client develops assurance in handling situations alone, despite some feeling of loss on both sides.

			=== Significant Aspect ===
			According to Rogers, the goal of client-centered therapy is to release the "[[Growth Forces]] within the individual." Growth Forces

	=== Therapeutic Sequence ===		=== Therapeutic Sequence ===
Line 64:		Line 67:
	"Accurate empathic understanding means that the therapist is completely at home in the universe of the client. It is a moment to-moment sensitivity in the here and now, in the immediate present. It is a sensing of the client’s inner world of private personal meanings as if it were your own, while never forgetting that it is not yours."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 15.</ref>		"Accurate empathic understanding means that the therapist is completely at home in the universe of the client. It is a moment to-moment sensitivity in the here and now, in the immediate present. It is a sensing of the client’s inner world of private personal meanings as if it were your own, while never forgetting that it is not yours."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 15.</ref>

	~~=== Therapists' Way of Functioning ===~~

	=== Advancing the Theory - An LP Reframing ===		=== Therapists' Way of Functioning Advancing the Theory - An LP Reframing ===
	LP reframing sees the "therepeutic climate" as one that helps meet one or more of the [[Seven Essential Needs]] of the client, the humanistic assumption being that doing so will help shift the client from [[Deficit Mode]] and [[Defense Mode]] into [[Growth Mode]].		LP reframing sees the "therepeutic climate" as one that helps meet one or more of the [[Seven Essential Needs]] of the client, the humanistic assumption being that doing so will help shift the client from [[Deficit Mode]] and [[Defense Mode]] into [[Growth Mode]].

Michael at 05:51, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T05:51:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:51, 31 January 2026
Line 17:		Line 17:
	===Related LP Terms===		===Related LP Terms===

	[[Client-Centered ~~Therapypsychia~~]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Client-Centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}		[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Client-Centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	===Non-LP Related Terms===		===Non-LP Related Terms===

Michael at 05:49, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T05:49:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 31 January 2026
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[Eupsychian Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Eupsychian Therapy]]\|format=ul}}		[[Eupsychian Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Eupsychian Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Client-centered Therapy]]}}		[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Client-centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	===Related LP Terms===		===Related LP Terms===

	[[Client-Centered Therapypsychia]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}		[[Client-Centered Therapypsychia]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Client-Centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	===Non-LP Related Terms===		===Non-LP Related Terms===

	[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}		[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Client-Centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	===Syncretic Terms===		===Syncretic Terms===

	[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}		[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Client-Centered Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

	===Carl Rogers Terms===		===Carl Rogers Terms===

	{{#ask:[[Is a term::Carl Rogers]]}}		{{#ask:[[Is a term::Carl Rogers]]\|format=ul}}

	===Syncretic Terms===		===Syncretic Terms===

Michael at 05:48, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T05:48:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:48, 31 January 2026
Line 14:		Line 14:

	[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Client-centered Therapy]]}}		[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Client-centered Therapy]]}}

			===Related LP Terms===

			[[Client-Centered Therapypsychia]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}

			===Non-LP Related Terms===

			[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}

			===Syncretic Terms===

			[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a syncretic term::Client-Centered Therapy]]}}

	===Carl Rogers Terms===		===Carl Rogers Terms===

Michael at 05:33, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T05:33:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, 31 January 2026
Line 35:		Line 35:
	* '''Growing into independence—with support.''' The final period involves education or re-education that enables the continuance of fundamental gains, where the client may need new information to pursue self-chosen goals and will experience discouragements that the rapport situation helps neutralize. This phase provides fresh opportunities for self-clarification and application of previous insight, gradually concluding as the client develops assurance in handling situations alone, despite some feeling of loss on both sides.		* '''Growing into independence—with support.''' The final period involves education or re-education that enables the continuance of fundamental gains, where the client may need new information to pursue self-chosen goals and will experience discouragements that the rapport situation helps neutralize. This phase provides fresh opportunities for self-clarification and application of previous insight, gradually concluding as the client develops assurance in handling situations alone, despite some feeling of loss on both sides.

	=== ~~Therepeutic~~ Climate or "Theory of the Three Therapeutic Conditions"<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 21.</ref> ===		=== Therapeutic Sequence ===
			Rogers frames therapy as a three-step sequence: (1) '''release'''—the cathartic outpouring of feeling, guilt, and tension; (2) '''[[insight]]'''—the client's self-understanding and acceptance; and (3) '''action'''—new plans and choices arising from that understanding.

			=== Therapeutic Climate or "Theory of the Three Therapeutic Conditions"<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 21.</ref> ===
	Client-centered therapy is based on three tightly interconnected conditions.		Client-centered therapy is based on three tightly interconnected conditions.

Michael at 05:09, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T05:09:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:09, 31 January 2026
Line 24:		Line 24:

	== Client Centered Therapy ==		== Client Centered Therapy ==

			=== Processes of Therapy ===
			Carl Rogers identifies the following key processes of therapy.<ref>Rogers, Carl Ransom. “The Processes of Therapy.” ''Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology'' 60, no. 2 (1992): 163. Edsgcl.13424955, p. 163. Gale Academic OneFile.</ref>

			* '''Rapport is established.''' There must be a genuine warmth of relationship between counsellor and counselee, characterized by the therapist's authentic interest in the individual and a carefully balanced identification with the client. This rapport builds the client's confidence and trust, creating a personal bond that supports the entire therapeutic journey and must be gradually broken at the conclusion of treatment.
			* '''There is free expression of feeling on the part of the client.''' The therapeutic process encourages catharsis and the release of emotional material through various media, including play therapy, psychodramatics, and interview techniques that avoid blocking free expression. Whether focusing on past experiences or present feelings, this expressive phase allows the client to reveal profound emotional patterns that are evident in both daily life and historical context.
			* '''Recognition and acceptance, by the client, of his spontaneous self.''' As the client expresses material within the accepting rapport situation, the therapist helps recognize and clarify the emotions being felt, allowing the individual to see himself without defensiveness. This process enables the client to gradually recognize and admit his real self—including childish patterns, aggressive feelings, ambivalences, and mature impulses—achieving an emotional self-acceptance distinct from purely intellectual insight.
			* '''The making of responsible choices.''' A defining feature of modern psychotherapy is leaving responsibility for the client's life in his own hands, with the therapist avoiding suggestion, advice, or persuasion while encouraging the individual to take responsibility for making new choices. This creates an opportunity for "learning through doing," where the client practices independent decision-making and greater responsibility while still supported by the therapeutic relationship, facilitating transfer of training to other life situations.
			* '''The gaining of insight through assimilated interpretation.''' While founded on emotional self-acceptance, insight is often enriched by the therapist's interpretation of unrecognized emotional patterns and motives for behaviour. Such interpretations serve no useful purpose unless accepted by the client—hence "assimilated interpretation"—and when combined with responsible, self-directed choices toward new goals, they produce effective integration rather than merely leaving the individual wiser but unable to cope.
			* '''Growing into independence—with support.''' The final period involves education or re-education that enables the continuance of fundamental gains, where the client may need new information to pursue self-chosen goals and will experience discouragements that the rapport situation helps neutralize. This phase provides fresh opportunities for self-clarification and application of previous insight, gradually concluding as the client develops assurance in handling situations alone, despite some feeling of loss on both sides.

	=== Therepeutic Climate or "Theory of the Three Therapeutic Conditions"<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 21.</ref> ===		=== Therepeutic Climate or "Theory of the Three Therapeutic Conditions"<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 21.</ref> ===
	Client-centered therapy is based on three tightly interconnected conditions.		Client-centered therapy is based on three tightly interconnected conditions.

	==== Therapist's Congruence (or genuineness) ====		==== Therapist's Congruence (or genuineness) ====

Michael at 04:51, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T04:51:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:51, 31 January 2026
Line 75:		Line 75:
	In general, the evidence from a number of research studies shows that the process moves away from fixity, remoteness from feelings and experience, rigidity of self-concept, remoteness from people, impersonality of functioning. It moves toward fluidity, changingness, immediacy of feelings and experience, acceptance of feelings and experience, tentativeness of constructs, discovery of a changing self in one’s changing experience, realness and closeness of relationships, a unity and integration of functioning		In general, the evidence from a number of research studies shows that the process moves away from fixity, remoteness from feelings and experience, rigidity of self-concept, remoteness from people, impersonality of functioning. It moves toward fluidity, changingness, immediacy of feelings and experience, acceptance of feelings and experience, tentativeness of constructs, discovery of a changing self in one’s changing experience, realness and closeness of relationships, a unity and integration of functioning
	<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 25.</ref> </blockquote>It's pretty clear from all this that bringing the client into ALIGNMENT is a critical goal of client-centered therapy.		<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 25.</ref> </blockquote>It's pretty clear from all this that bringing the client into ALIGNMENT is a critical goal of client-centered therapy.


	'''Source of disjuncture:''' "This theory of therapeutic change has been far more rigorously described in a formal statement of clientcentered theory, in which it is pointed out that the origin of the inaccuracies in the self-concept lies primarily with the individual’s attempt to retain love. In order to hold the love of a parent, the child introjects values and perceptions that he does not actually experience. He then denies to his awareness the organismic experiencings that contradict these introjections. Thus his self-concept contains false elements that are not based on what he is, in his experiencing. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24-5.</ref>		'''Source of disjuncture:''' "This theory of therapeutic change has been far more rigorously described in a formal statement of clientcentered theory, in which it is pointed out that the origin of the inaccuracies in the self-concept lies primarily with the individual’s attempt to retain love. In order to hold the love of a parent, the child introjects values and perceptions that he does not actually experience. He then denies to his awareness the organismic experiencings that contradict these introjections. Thus his self-concept contains false elements that are not based on what he is, in his experiencing. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24-5.</ref>
Line 105:		Line 104:
	==== Emotional Needs ====		==== Emotional Needs ====
	For expression "In the earliest description of client-centered therapy, I pictured the process as composed primarily of three steps. As it seemed to my colleagues and me at that time, a client-centered approach resulted, first, in the release of expression, the release of personal feelings in the interview. Following this emotional catharsis, insight tended to develop into the origin and nature of the difficulties being experienced by the client. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 23.</ref>		For expression "In the earliest description of client-centered therapy, I pictured the process as composed primarily of three steps. As it seemed to my colleagues and me at that time, a client-centered approach resulted, first, in the release of expression, the release of personal feelings in the interview. Following this emotional catharsis, insight tended to develop into the origin and nature of the difficulties being experienced by the client. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 23.</ref>

			=== Additional ===
			'''Global Politics:''' Carl provides some case studies on how a client-centered approach can work at a political level, as a way of "increasing communication and reducing tension in situations "bristling with malice,"<ref>Rogers, Carl R., and David Ryback. “One Alternative to Nuclear Planetary Suicide.” ''Peabody Journal of Education'' 61, no. 3 (1984): 91–110. JSTOR.</ref> as for example between opposing social classes, or political factions, etc. In these situations it is " important that a person with facilitative attitudes and a facilitative way of being be present in such a dispute and that this person be sensitively empathic to the whole range of feelings and opinions expressed by members of each group. It is equally important that this empathic understanding be nonjudgmental and accepting. When group members experience themselves as being truly heard-and accepted-in their bitterness, their yearnings, whatever-they are able to view themselves and their feelings more objectively, with less irrationality."<ref>Rogers, Carl R., and David Ryback. “One Alternative to Nuclear Planetary Suicide.” ''Peabody Journal of Education'' 61, no. 3 (1984): 91–110. JSTOR. p. 95.</ref> It is also important to see everybody (individuals/groups) as equal. The facilitator "treats each individual as a person of dignity and worth and shows as much respect for the feelings and attitudes of low status members as of high status members.<ref>Rogers, Carl R., and David Ryback. “One Alternative to Nuclear Planetary Suicide.” ''Peabody Journal of Education'' 61, no. 3 (1984): 91–110. JSTOR. p. 95.</ref>

	==Quotes==		==Quotes==

	"The client-centered point ~~ofview~~ has a number of distinguishing characteristics. These include the developing hypothesis that certain attitudes in the therapist constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic effectiveness; the developing concept of the therapist’s function as being immediately present to his client, relying on his moment-to-moment felt experience in the relationship; the continuing focus on the phenomenal world of the client; a developing theory that the therapeutic process is marked by a change in the client’s manner of experiencing and an ability to live more fully in the immediate moment; a continuing stress on the self-actualizing quality of the human organism as the motivating force in therapy; a concern with the process of personality change, rather than with the structure of personality; a stress on the necessity of research to discover the essential truths of psychotherapy; the hypothesis that the same principles of psychotherapy apply to the competently functioning business executive, the maladjusted and neurotic person who comes to a clinic, and the hospitalized psychotic on the back ward; a view of psychotherapy as one specialized example of all constructive interpersonal relationships, with the consequent generalized applicability of all our knowledge from the field of therapy; and, finally, a concern with the philosophical and value issues that grow out of the practice of therapy. Each of these distinguishing elements is ealt with in this chapter."<ref>Kirschenbaum, Howard, and Valerie Land Henderson, eds. ''Car Rogers: Dialogues''. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 10.</ref>		"The client-centered point of view has a number of distinguishing characteristics. These include the developing hypothesis that certain attitudes in the therapist constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic effectiveness; the developing concept of the therapist’s function as being immediately present to his client, relying on his moment-to-moment felt experience in the relationship; the continuing focus on the phenomenal world of the client; a developing theory that the therapeutic process is marked by a change in the client’s manner of experiencing and an ability to live more fully in the immediate moment; a continuing stress on the self-actualizing quality of the human organism as the motivating force in therapy; a concern with the process of personality change, rather than with the structure of personality; a stress on the necessity of research to discover the essential truths of psychotherapy; the hypothesis that the same principles of psychotherapy apply to the competently functioning business executive, the maladjusted and neurotic person who comes to a clinic, and the hospitalized psychotic on the back ward; a view of psychotherapy as one specialized example of all constructive interpersonal relationships, with the consequent generalized applicability of all our knowledge from the field of therapy; and, finally, a concern with the philosophical and value issues that grow out of the practice of therapy. Each of these distinguishing elements is ealt with in this chapter."<ref>Kirschenbaum, Howard, and Valerie Land Henderson, eds. ''Car Rogers: Dialogues''. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 10.</ref>

	{{template:endstuff}}		{{template:endstuff}}

Michael at 04:45, 31 January 2026

2026-01-31T04:45:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:45, 31 January 2026
Line 4:		Line 4:

	'''Client-centered therapy''' (also called person-centered therapy) is [[Carl Rogers]]' approach to psychotherapy in which the client’s lived, subjective experience (“the client’s phenomenal world”) is treated as the primary reference point for understanding and change. The therapist does not “fix,” diagnose, interpret, or direct the client from the outside; instead, the therapist provides a facilitative relationship—marked by congruence (i.e., [[alignment]]) of therapist, authentic listening ([[connection]])(genuineness), unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding—that supports the client’s own movement toward growth, integration, and self-responsibility		'''Client-centered therapy''' (also called person-centered therapy) is [[Carl Rogers]]' approach to psychotherapy in which the client’s lived, subjective experience (“the client’s phenomenal world”) is treated as the primary reference point for understanding and change. The therapist does not “fix,” diagnose, interpret, or direct the client from the outside; instead, the therapist provides a facilitative relationship—marked by congruence (i.e., [[alignment]]) of therapist, authentic listening ([[connection]])(genuineness), unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding—that supports the client’s own movement toward growth, integration, and self-responsibility

	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	==Concept Map==		==Concept Map==

			=== Key Terms ===
			[[Eupsychia]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Eupsychia]]\|format=ul}}

			[[Eupsychian Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Eupsychian Therapy]]\|format=ul}}

			[[Client-Centered Therapy]] > {{#ask:[[Is a key term::Client-centered Therapy]]}}

	===Carl Rogers Terms===		===Carl Rogers Terms===
Line 110:		Line 116:
	[[category:terms]]		[[category:terms]]
	[[Is a term::Carl Rogers\| ]]		[[Is a term::Carl Rogers\| ]]
	[[Is a ~~syncretic~~ term::~~Alignment~~\| ]]		[[Is a key term::Eupsychian Therapy]]
			[[Is a related term::Seven Essential Needs\| ]]

Michael at 15:29, 15 December 2025

2025-12-15T15:29:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 15 December 2025
Line 62:		Line 62:
	Meeting the essential needs for safety and alignment are critical in a therapeutic context. Unconditional positive regard is the delivery method. "Unconditional positive regard, when communicated by the therapist, serves to provide the nonthreatening context in which the client can explore and experience the most deeply shrouded elements of his inner self."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 14.</ref>		Meeting the essential needs for safety and alignment are critical in a therapeutic context. Unconditional positive regard is the delivery method. "Unconditional positive regard, when communicated by the therapist, serves to provide the nonthreatening context in which the client can explore and experience the most deeply shrouded elements of his inner self."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 14.</ref>

	Accurate empathic undertstanding is a '''delivery method'''. Rather than orienting the client to themselves as an object, it pushes them inside. It helps put the client in touch with their inner world. <blockquote>An accurate empathic grasp of the client’s conflicts and problems perhaps contrasts most sharply with the more usualdiagnostic formulation of the client’s experiences. This diagnostic understanding, which is so different but so common, involves the implication, “I understand what is wrong with you,” or “I understand the dynamics that make you act this way.” Such evaluative understandings are external and sometimes even impersonal. Although they may at times be very useful in developing an understanding of the self as an object, they are in sharp contrast to an accurate and sensitive grasp of the personal meanings and perceptions that form the client’s private world. External and evaluative understanding tends to focus the client’s being on himself as object or upon intellectualizations that remove him from an ongoing contact with the experiencing going on within him. Empathic understanding, when it is accurately and sensitively communicated, seems crucially important in enabling the client more freely to experience his inward feelings, perceptions, and personal meanings. When he is thus in contact with his inward experiencing... <ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 16.</ref></blockquote>		Accurate empathic undertstanding is a '''delivery method'''. Rather than orienting the client to themselves as an object, it pushes them inside. It helps put the client in touch with their inner world. <blockquote>An accurate empathic grasp of the client’s conflicts and problems perhaps contrasts most sharply with the more usualdiagnostic formulation of the client’s experiences. This diagnostic understanding, which is so different but so common, involves the implication, “I understand what is wrong with you,” or “I understand the dynamics that make you act this way.” Such evaluative understandings are external and sometimes even impersonal. Although they may at times be very useful in developing an understanding of the self as an object, they are in sharp contrast to an accurate and sensitive grasp of the personal meanings and perceptions that form the client’s private world. External and evaluative understanding tends to focus the client’s being on himself as object or upon intellectualizations that remove him from an ongoing contact with the experiencing going on within him. Empathic understanding, when it is accurately and sensitively communicated, seems crucially important in enabling the client more freely to experience his inward feelings, perceptions, and personal meanings. When he is thus in contact with his inward experiencing... <ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 16.</ref></blockquote>"We came to see the troubled or neurotic individual as one whose self-concept had become structured in ways incongruent with his organismic experience. (As one very brief example, a mother may be experiencing feelings of dislike and rejection toward her child, but her self-concept may contain only perceptions of herself as a good and loving mother.) Thus there may be a sharp discrepancy between the client’s organismic experiencing and his self-concept. Such a discrepancy between experience and the conceptualized self is the source of anxiety." <ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24.</ref>

			"In therapy, with its climate of acceptance and safety and its freedom to explore one’s feelings whatever they may be, it becomes possible for the client to experience the feelings that have not been admitted into his concept of self. Once experienced in an accepting climate, they can gradually be incorporated into his self-picture, and he thereby achieves more unity and integration between the person he organismically is and the self he perceives himself as being."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24.</ref><blockquote>More recently we have moved toward a new theory of process that builds on two previous descriptions. Based on the study of a large number of recorded interviews, a fresh picture of the process of change has been developed that sees change occurring along a number of continua....It may be briefly delineated by presenting some of the closely related continua on which change occurs....For example, in regard to his feelings and personal meanings, he moves away from a state in which feelings are unrecognized, unowned, unexpressed. He moves toward becoming a flowing process in which ever changing feelings are experienced in the moment, knowingly and acceptingly, and may be accurately expressed.
			The process of therapy also involves a change in the manner of his experiencing. At the initial point on the continuum, he is remote from his experiencing. An example would be the intellectualizing client who talks only in abstractions, leaving one quite ignorant of what is actually going on within him. From such remoteness, he moves toward an immediacy of experiencing in which he lives openly in his feelings and knows that he can turn to his experiencing to discover its current meaning.
			...
			In general, the evidence from a number of research studies shows that the process moves away from fixity, remoteness from feelings and experience, rigidity of self-concept, remoteness from people, impersonality of functioning. It moves toward fluidity, changingness, immediacy of feelings and experience, acceptance of feelings and experience, tentativeness of constructs, discovery of a changing self in one’s changing experience, realness and closeness of relationships, a unity and integration of functioning
			<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 25.</ref> </blockquote>It's pretty clear from all this that bringing the client into ALIGNMENT is a critical goal of client-centered therapy.


			'''Source of disjuncture:''' "This theory of therapeutic change has been far more rigorously described in a formal statement of clientcentered theory, in which it is pointed out that the origin of the inaccuracies in the self-concept lies primarily with the individual’s attempt to retain love. In order to hold the love of a parent, the child introjects values and perceptions that he does not actually experience. He then denies to his awareness the organismic experiencings that contradict these introjections. Thus his self-concept contains false elements that are not based on what he is, in his experiencing. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24-5.</ref>

			==== Psychological Needs ====
			Freedom: "In therapy, with its climate of acceptance and safety and its freedom to explore one’s feelings whatever they may be, it becomes possible for the client to experience the feelings that have not been admitted into his concept of self. Once experienced in an accepting climate, they can gradually be incorporated into his self-picture, and he thereby achieves more unity and integration between the person he organismically is and the self he perceives himself as being."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 24.</ref>

	==== Cognitive Needs (Truth and Understanding) ====		==== Cognitive Needs (Truth and Understanding) ====
Line 74:		Line 86:
	It's not just that the client and therapist should be connected, it's that the therapist should themselves be connected to thems''elves and'' that they should also help the client achieve inner connection.		It's not just that the client and therapist should be connected, it's that the therapist should themselves be connected to thems''elves and'' that they should also help the client achieve inner connection.

	The whole thing works best when everybody is working towards better connection. "This new way of being with the client or patient requires of the therapist a heightened awareness of the shifting flow of felt experiencing within himself [sic]....Thus, the client-centered therapist aims to concentrate on the immediate phenomenal world of the client. For he believes that it is in confusions or contradictions within this world that the client’s difficulties lie. This exclusive focus in therapy on the present phenomenal experience of the client is the meaning of the term “client-centered.		The whole thing works best when everybody is working towards better connection. "This new way of being with the client or patient requires of the therapist a heightened awareness of the shifting flow of felt experiencing within himself [sic]....Thus, the client-centered therapist aims to concentrate on the immediate phenomenal world of the client. For he believes that it is in confusions or contradictions within this world that the client’s difficulties lie. This exclusive focus in therapy on the present phenomenal experience of the client is the meaning of the term “client-centered."<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 16.</ref>

	"<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 16.</ref>

	=== Therapeutic Orientations ===		=== Therapeutic Orientations ===
Line 87:		Line 97:
	If I keep from imposing on people, they become themselves." Lau Tzu		If I keep from imposing on people, they become themselves." Lau Tzu

			==== Emotional Needs ====
			For expression "In the earliest description of client-centered therapy, I pictured the process as composed primarily of three steps. As it seemed to my colleagues and me at that time, a client-centered approach resulted, first, in the release of expression, the release of personal feelings in the interview. Following this emotional catharsis, insight tended to develop into the origin and nature of the difficulties being experienced by the client. "<ref>Rogers, Carl. “Client-Centered Therapy.” In ''Car Rogers: Dialogues'', edited by Howard Kirschenbaum and Valerie Land Henderson. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. p. 23.</ref>

	==Quotes==		==Quotes==