Attachments - Revision history

Michael at 13:21, 3 April 2025

2025-04-03T13:21:40Z

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	<blockquote class=definition>'''Attachments''' are emotional bonds that connect individuals to each other. Attachments may be categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary. '''Primary Attachments''' are attachments to parents and siblings. '''Secondary Attachments''' are attachments to friends. '''Tertiary Attachments''' are attachments to your job and the community at work. <ref>Sosteric, Mike, and Gina Ratkovic. Lightning Path Workbook Two - Healing. Vol. 2. Lightning Path Workbook Series. St. Albert, Alberta: Lightning Path Press, 2017. https://www.lightningpath.org/lp-workbooks/</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote class=definition>'''Attachments''' are emotional bonds that connect individuals to each other. Attachments may be categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary. '''Primary Attachments''' are attachments to parents and siblings. '''Secondary Attachments''' are attachments to friends. '''Tertiary Attachments''' are attachments to your job and the community at work. <ref>Sosteric, Mike, and Gina Ratkovic. Lightning Path Workbook Two - Healing. Vol. 2. Lightning Path Workbook Series. St. Albert, Alberta: Lightning Path Press, 2017. https://www.lightningpath.org/lp-workbooks/</ref></blockquote>

Michael at 13:56, 21 July 2023

2023-07-21T13:56:10Z

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	~~[[Is a related LP term::Human Development\| ]]~~
	[[Is a related LP term::Seven Essential Needs\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Seven Essential Needs\| ]]
	[[Is a related LP term::Deficiency Mode\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Deficiency Mode\| ]]

Michael at 15:39, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T15:39:12Z

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	Attachments are destroyed by inattentive adults.		Attachments are destroyed by inattentive adults.

			=== Consequences of Fractured Attachments ===


	"...there is evidence indicating that insecure children [and adolescents] show heightened physiological responses to and/or poorer down regulation of stress, but it is not entirely clear which insecure subgroups are most affected."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 282.</ref>		"...there is evidence indicating that insecure children [and adolescents] show heightened physiological responses to and/or poorer down regulation of stress, but it is not entirely clear which insecure subgroups are most affected."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 282.</ref>

	~~children~~ show heightened cortisol responses to a stressor and also a more ﬂattened cortisol proﬁle compared to non-disorganised children..."<ref>Luijk, Maartje P.C.M., Nathalie Saridjan, Anne Tharner, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Albert Hofman, Frank C. Verhulst, and Henning Tiemeier. “Attachment, Depression, and Cortisol: Deviant Patterns in Insecure-Resistant and Disorganized Infants.” ''Developmental Psychobiology'' 52, no. 5 (July 1, 2010): 441–52. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20446</nowiki>.</ref>		Children with [[Fractured Attachment\|Fractured Attachments]] show heightened cortisol responses to a stressor and also a more ﬂattened cortisol proﬁle compared to non-disorganised children..."<ref>Luijk, Maartje P.C.M., Nathalie Saridjan, Anne Tharner, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Vincent W.V. Jaddoe, Albert Hofman, Frank C. Verhulst, and Henning Tiemeier. “Attachment, Depression, and Cortisol: Deviant Patterns in Insecure-Resistant and Disorganized Infants.” ''Developmental Psychobiology'' 52, no. 5 (July 1, 2010): 441–52. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.20446</nowiki>.</ref>

	=== Treatment ===		=== Treatment ===

Michael: /* Notes */

2023-07-11T15:35:22Z

Notes

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 Destruction of attachments is a  component of [[Toxic Socialization]]
 ===Attachment Theory (Bowlby)===
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 In more extreme circumstances, such as exposure to institutional rearing, repeated changes in primary care- givers or severe social neglect, two types of disturbed attachment behaviour have been described. One is a '''disinhibited patter'''n, characterised by indiscriminate social approach and lack of wariness of strangers – captured in the diagnostic category '''Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder''' (DSED; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The other is an '''inhibited pattern''', characterised by extreme social withdrawal, lack of comfort-seeking from and emo- tional reciprocity with available caregivers, reﬂected in the diagnostic category '''Reactive Attachment Disorder''' (RAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The key distinction between disorganised attachment and attachment disorders (DSED or RAD) is that while disorganisation is seen as conferring increased risk for maladjusted developmental trajecto ries including psychopathology, DSED and RAD are shown pervasively across relationships and situations and are considered an indication of psychopathology themselves.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019.): 274–93. p. 275.</ref></blockquote>"...temperament appears to play a very limited role in attachment security generally ..."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref> In other words, genes don't cause attachment problems, environments do. This is confirmed by the "remarkable" results of twin studies which show strong environmental determination.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref>
 "There is strong evidence that the environment, and speciﬁcally severe neglect, is the major determinant of the more severe forms of disrupted attachment behaviour, such as those observed among children classiﬁed as having RAD or DSED. The clearest evidence of this comes from the English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study which found high rates of DSED-type behaviour in children rescued from Romanian orphanages and placed in UK adoptive families. The degree of this last type of behaviour was highly dependent on how late in development the children were removed from the institution; for example, more than 30% of children placed in adoptive families after the age of 18 months were classiﬁed as having DSED at age six years compared to half that rate in those placed earlier."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 278.</ref>

Michael at 13:22, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T13:22:38Z

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	In more extreme circumstances, such as exposure to institutional rearing, repeated changes in primary care- givers or severe social neglect, two types of disturbed attachment behaviour have been described. One is a '''disinhibited patter'''n, characterised by indiscriminate social approach and lack of wariness of strangers – captured in the diagnostic category '''Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder''' (DSED; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The other is an '''inhibited pattern''', characterised by extreme social withdrawal, lack of comfort-seeking from and emo- tional reciprocity with available caregivers, reﬂected in the diagnostic category '''Reactive Attachment Disorder''' (RAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The key distinction between disorganised attachment and attachment disorders (DSED or RAD) is that while disorganisation is seen as conferring increased risk for maladjusted developmental trajecto ries including psychopathology, DSED and RAD are shown pervasively across relationships and situations and are considered an indication of psychopathology themselves.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019.): 274–93. p. 275.</ref></blockquote>"...temperament appears to play a very limited role in attachment security generally ..."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref> In other words, genes don't cause attachment problems, environments do. This is confirmed by the "remarkable" results of twin studies which show strong environmental determination.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref>		In more extreme circumstances, such as exposure to institutional rearing, repeated changes in primary care- givers or severe social neglect, two types of disturbed attachment behaviour have been described. One is a '''disinhibited patter'''n, characterised by indiscriminate social approach and lack of wariness of strangers – captured in the diagnostic category '''Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder''' (DSED; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The other is an '''inhibited pattern''', characterised by extreme social withdrawal, lack of comfort-seeking from and emo- tional reciprocity with available caregivers, reﬂected in the diagnostic category '''Reactive Attachment Disorder''' (RAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The key distinction between disorganised attachment and attachment disorders (DSED or RAD) is that while disorganisation is seen as conferring increased risk for maladjusted developmental trajecto ries including psychopathology, DSED and RAD are shown pervasively across relationships and situations and are considered an indication of psychopathology themselves.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019.): 274–93. p. 275.</ref></blockquote>"...temperament appears to play a very limited role in attachment security generally ..."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref> In other words, genes don't cause attachment problems, environments do. This is confirmed by the "remarkable" results of twin studies which show strong environmental determination.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref>

	"There is strong evidence that the environment, and speciﬁcally severe neglect, is the major determinant of the more severe forms of disrupted attachment behaviour, such as those observed among children classiﬁed as having RAD or DSED. The clearest evidence of this comes from the English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study which found high rates of DSED-type behaviour in children rescued from Romanian orphanages and placed in UK adoptive families. The degree of this last type of behaviour was highly dependent on how late in development the children were removed from the institution; for example, more than 30% of children placed in adoptive families after the age of 18 months were classiﬁed as having DSED at age six years compared to half that rate in those placed earlier."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 278.</ref>{{template:endstuff}}		"There is strong evidence that the environment, and speciﬁcally severe neglect, is the major determinant of the more severe forms of disrupted attachment behaviour, such as those observed among children classiﬁed as having RAD or DSED. The clearest evidence of this comes from the English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study which found high rates of DSED-type behaviour in children rescued from Romanian orphanages and placed in UK adoptive families. The degree of this last type of behaviour was highly dependent on how late in development the children were removed from the institution; for example, more than 30% of children placed in adoptive families after the age of 18 months were classiﬁed as having DSED at age six years compared to half that rate in those placed earlier."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 278.</ref>

			{{template:endstuff}}


	[[category:terms]]		[[category:terms]]

	[[category:lightningpath]]		[[category:lightningpath]]
	[[Is a related LP term::Human Development\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Human Development\| ]]

Michael at 13:07, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T13:07:05Z

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	[[Is a related LP term::Destruction of Attachments\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Destruction of Attachments\| ]]
			[[Is a related LP term::Attachment Algorithm\| ]]

Michael at 13:04, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T13:04:15Z

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	==Notes==		==Notes==

	Attachments ~~can~~ be classified into [[Active Atachment]]s, [[Broken Attachment]]s, and [[Inactive Attachment]]s		Attachments may be classified into [[Active Atachment\|Active Attachment]]s, [[Broken Attachment]]s, and [[Inactive Attachment]]s

	Destruction of attachments is a component of [[Toxic Socialization]]		Destruction of attachments is a component of [[Toxic Socialization]]

	===Attachment Theory===		===Attachment Theory (Bowlby)===

			Types of attachment<blockquote>'''Secure type''' is observed in the well-known Strange Situation Procedure when a child misses the caregiver when absent and seeks con tact and comfort, which is effective, when they return.

			In the '''avoidant pattern''', young children actively avoid contact with the caregiver when they return,

			The '''resistant pattern''' is marked by heightened anxiety even before the caregiver leaves, and anger and extensive distress when reunited.

			'''Disorganised attachment''' is a form of attachment in which the child appears to lack a coherent strategy for dealing with the stress of separation and may become disoriented, frozen, or overtly fearful.

			These three non-secure forms of attach ment, and particularly disorganised attachment, are thought to represent a relationship- based vulnerability to future stressors and to poorer social and emotional adjustment. These types of early attachment are observed relatively commonly and in circumstances where the parent–child relationship has not been severely disrupted.

			In more extreme circumstances, such as exposure to institutional rearing, repeated changes in primary care- givers or severe social neglect, two types of disturbed attachment behaviour have been described. One is a '''disinhibited patter'''n, characterised by indiscriminate social approach and lack of wariness of strangers – captured in the diagnostic category '''Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder''' (DSED; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The other is an '''inhibited pattern''', characterised by extreme social withdrawal, lack of comfort-seeking from and emo- tional reciprocity with available caregivers, reﬂected in the diagnostic category '''Reactive Attachment Disorder''' (RAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The key distinction between disorganised attachment and attachment disorders (DSED or RAD) is that while disorganisation is seen as conferring increased risk for maladjusted developmental trajecto ries including psychopathology, DSED and RAD are shown pervasively across relationships and situations and are considered an indication of psychopathology themselves.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019.): 274–93. p. 275.</ref></blockquote>"...temperament appears to play a very limited role in attachment security generally ..."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref> In other words, genes don't cause attachment problems, environments do. This is confirmed by the "remarkable" results of twin studies which show strong environmental determination.<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 276.</ref>

	{{template:endstuff}}		"There is strong evidence that the environment, and speciﬁcally severe neglect, is the major determinant of the more severe forms of disrupted attachment behaviour, such as those observed among children classiﬁed as having RAD or DSED. The clearest evidence of this comes from the English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study which found high rates of DSED-type behaviour in children rescued from Romanian orphanages and placed in UK adoptive families. The degree of this last type of behaviour was highly dependent on how late in development the children were removed from the institution; for example, more than 30% of children placed in adoptive families after the age of 18 months were classiﬁed as having DSED at age six years compared to half that rate in those placed earlier."<ref>Oliveira, Paula, and Pasco Fearon. “The Biological Bases of Attachment.” ''Adoption and Fostering'' 43, no. 3 (2019): 274–93. p. 278.</ref>{{template:endstuff}}

	[[category:terms]]		[[category:terms]]

Michael at 13:02, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T13:02:49Z

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	Attachments can be classified into [[Active Atachment]]s, [[Broken Attachment]]s, and [[Inactive Attachment]]s		Attachments can be classified into [[Active Atachment]]s, [[Broken Attachment]]s, and [[Inactive Attachment]]s
	Destruction of attachments is a component of [[Toxic Socialization]]		Destruction of attachments is a component of [[Toxic Socialization]]

			===Attachment Theory===



	{{template:endstuff}}		{{template:endstuff}}

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2023-01-08T17:57:58Z

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	==Non-LP Related Terms==		==Non-LP Related Terms==

	[[Attachments]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related LP term::Attachments]]}}		[[Attachments]] > {{#ask:[[Is a related term::Attachments]]}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==

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	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	[[category:lightningpath]]		[[category:lightningpath]]
	[[Is a related term::Human Development\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Human Development\| ]]
	[[Is a related term::Seven Essential Needs\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Seven Essential Needs\| ]]
	[[Is a related term::Deficiency Mode\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Deficiency Mode\| ]]
	[[Is a related term::Growth Mode\| ]]		[[Is a related LP term::Growth Mode\| ]]
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			[[Is a related LP term::Attachment Algorithm\| ]]